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HYPERGLYCEMIC HYPEROSMOLAR NONKETOTIC SYNDROME - Coggle Diagram
HYPERGLYCEMIC HYPEROSMOLAR NONKETOTIC SYNDROME
Pathophysiology
It occurs as a results of insulin deficiency, the pancreas produce little or no insulin, the organs that require insulin are liver, skeletal muscles and adipose tissues, glucose and amino acids uptake into blood stream fails and levels of amino acids uptake into blood circulation are elevated. Ingestion of carbohydrates worsen the situation bacause because because metabolized glucose is not utilised, glucose levels rises until kidneys are unable to cope with reabsoption of glucose from glomerular filtration resulting in glycosuria.
Causes
Infection such as pneumonia or urinary tract infection.
Taking certain medication such as glucocorticoids and diuretics.
Complication of diabetes mellitus.
Poor management of blood sugar.
Signs and symptoms
Coma
Seizures
Confusion
Hypovolemic shock
Arterial thrombosis
Renal failure
Deteriorating mental status
Multiple organ failure
Care plan
Maintain fluid administration.
Report dysythmias
Insert catheter
Nurse in cot bed
Monitor back and pressure points
Monitor heart rate
Monitor central nervous pressure
References
www.verywellhealth.com
www.nibi.nih.gov>NBK482142
www.health.com>diabetes
Related diet therapy
Low calorie -high protein diet