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Nematodes hookworm, ., . - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Procedure for tube method
        
        1)Label two test tubes as A and B.
        
        2)Add two drops of serum to be tested in each tube.
        
        3)Add one drop each of A and B cells suspension to the corresponding test tubes.
        
        4)Mix well and centrifuge both tubes at 1000 rpm for 1 minute.
        
        5)Gently remove the tubes and completely resuspend cells and examine macroscopically for agglutination and if negative, microscopically.
        
        6)Record the reactions and interpret the results.
      - Procedure for tile method
        
        1)Mark a clean slide into two halves, labeling the left and right side side as A and B.
        
        2)Add a drop of serum to be tested on both sides.
        
        3)Add one drop each of A and B cells suspension (20%) to the corresponding sides.
        
        4)Using a clean applicator stick, mix the serum and cell suspension on both sides separately and spread into a smooth round circle.
        
        5)Rock the slide gently for 2 minutes and look for agglutination.
        
        6)Record the reactions and interpret the results.
      - Limitation for reverse grouping test which serum from persons with agammaglobulinemia may not contain detectable ABO antibodies.
        As naturally occuring anti-A and anti-B are only formed 3-4 months after birth, it is not suitable for newborns and infants. Antibodies at this age are commonly of maternal origin.
      - Result interpretation
        
        -If agglutination is observed with A cells only, then the patient’s blood group is B
        -If agglutination is observed with B cells only, then the patient’s blood group is A
        -If agglutination is observed with both A and B cells, then the patient’s blood group is O
        -If agglutination is not observed with both A and B cells, then the patient’s blood group is AB