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Why did the Tsar survive 1905? - Coggle Diagram
Why did the Tsar survive 1905?
Army
Army remained loyal to the tsar, despise a wave of mutinies- Could be employed in putting down the revolution in the cities and revolts in the countryside
Lack of unity in political opposition
Opposition groups tsar (workers, peasants, liberal middle classes, students, national independence movements) did not combine to produce a coordinated and effective, unified opposition
Had different aims and purposes
Likely that if all the unrest had occurred simultaneously, the government could have fallen
October Manifest split the liberals and socialists
Liberals wanted political reform and movement towards constitutional democracy - felt that the tsar had given them what they wanted in the October Manifesto and deserved to be supported, so withdrew from violence - pacified the liberals
Socialists wanted revolution
Middle class feared the continuation of violence and disorder and wanted a return to authority and control - allowed the government to take control
extreme repression:
Government used brutal repressive measure, to beat the people into submission and establish government control -revolutionaries could not take control
Uprising were crushed with mass arrests, beatings, executions - killed innocent people
From mid-Dec, government decided to move against any civilians defying authority
Btw mid October 2905-April 1906 as many as 15 thousands people were executed and 45 thousand deported
Prisons overflowed with political prisoners
1906 - field court martials were introduced to deliver fast trials and fast executions
Methods were effective in restoring government control
Economic
Financial stability: By end of 1905, government was in financial trouble
Witte secured a huge loan, largely from French bankers in April 1906 which stabilise the economy
Loan paid for the troops who were needed to put down uprisings and restore order