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SEMANTICS the study of the meaning of Language, https://www.youtube…
SEMANTICS
the study of the meaning of Language
MEANING
Conceptual meaning
(nghĩa đen)
Associative meaning
(nghĩa bóng)
FEATURES
ROLES
Agent & Theme
Agent
The entity that performs the action
"The boy"
Theme
thực thể tham gia vào hoặc bị tác động bởi hành động
"the rope"
Instrument & Experiencer
Instrument
Công cụ "gây án" của Agent
"an old razor"
Experiencer
(a noun phrase) an entity as the person who has the feeling / perception / state
E.g #1: "The boy feels sad."
_Experiencer = "The boy"
E.g #2: "Did you hear that noise?"
_Experiencer = "you"
_Theme = "that noise"
Location, Source & Goal
Location
where the event
"Mary / saw / a fly / on the wall."
Experiencer / ..../ Theme / Location
"She took a fly from London to Paris."
Source
= "from London"
Goal
= "to Paris"
Example: "the boy cut the rope with an old razor"
LEXICAL
RELATIONS
Synonymy
(Từ đồng nghĩa)
VD: big / large ; buy/purchase
Antonymy
(Từ trái nghĩa)
VD: short/tall ; rich/poor
Hyponymy & Hypernymy
VD: Dog / Animal
Dog (Hyponym 👶🏻)
Animal (Hypernym / Superorrdinate 🤰🏻)
Dob / Horse / Cat are co-hyponyms
Prototypes
Thứ đầu tiên mà ngta liên tưởng tới
VD: bird (nghĩ ngay tới robin / pigeon)
nhưng k nghĩ tới ostrich / penguin
Homophones & Homonyms
Homophones
viết khác - đọc giống nhau
Vd: bare / bear ; meat / meet ; flour / flower
Homonyms
cùng một chữ viết
nghĩa hoàn toàn khác nhau & cũng chẳng liên quan tới nhau
VD: bank
bank (of a river) - bank (financial instiution)
Polysemy
(Từ viết giống nhau - nghĩa có sự liên hệ)
VD:
Foot
(of person, of bed, of mountain)
Word Play
VD: Why are trees often mistaken for dogs?
"B/c of their barks" 🤣
VD: Béo khác Mập chỗ nào?
"Béo thì đau, còn mập thì không đau"
Metonymy (Hoán dụ)
Vd: Head (of a person) = on top of & controlling the body
--> Head (of a company)
VD 2: *The White House released its official report today. — "The White House" for "The president"
COLLOCATION
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6geQjY8b7sA
