Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Rivers Revision - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Chemical
      - Physical
      - Biological
  - - - Saltation
      - Suspension
      - Solution
      - Traction
  - - - Rockfall
      - Mudflow
      - Landslide
      - Rotational slip
    - - Rainfall
      - Vegetation cover
      - Angle of slope
  - - - Attrition
      - Saltation/corrosion
      - Hyraulic Action
      - Abrasion/Corrasion
- - - - Impermeable surfaces forces water to runoff
        
        Tarmac
        
        Concrete
        
        Roof tiles
      - Poor'lack of management
      - Drainage systems returning discharge quickly
      - Infrastructure (low bridges)
      - Urbanisation
    - - Intense rain/flash floods
      - Snow melt from the highlands
      - Oversaturated soil
      - Surface runoff (in high relief areas)
      - Storm events
  - - - Positives
        
        More housing can be built
        
        People will worry less during flood events
        
        Endorses the protection of natural spaces for farming or recreation
      - Negatives
        
        Older houses cannot be moved
        
        May not be possible to meet demand
    - - Positives
        
        Animals can return to their natural habitats
        
        Increases biodiversity
        
        Meanders increase flood capacity and slow water down
        
        No maintenance needed when finished
      - Negatives
        
        Lengthy process
        
        expensive
    - - Positives
        
        Preduce deaths and costs
        
        Important belongings can be saved
      - Negatives
        
        Doesn't prevent the flood
        
        Some may not listen
    - - Negatives
        
        Takes years to grow
        
        Conifers are acidic to plants and animals
        
        Take up space
      - Positives
        
        Holds soil in place
        
        New habitats
        
        Little maintenance
  - - - Positives
        
        Provides habitats or walkways
        
        Can be built quickly
        
        Nice appearance to some
      - Negatives
        
        Very hazardous if it were to break
        
        Constant maintenance
        
        Expensive
        
        May not even be enough
        
        Eyesore to some
    - - Positives
        
        Moves the flood away from populated areas
        
        Saves boats time and money on travel
      - Negatives
        
        Just sends the flood somewhere else
        
        Doesn't allow for evaporation, infiltration or use by vegetation
    - - Positives
        
        Significantly reduce flood severity (75% deaths)
        
        Hydroelectric power
        
        Tourism
      - Negatives
        
        Extremely expensive
        
        Area behind is flooded
        
        Political disagreements on rivers like the Nile that flows through multiple countries
    - - Positives
        
        More versatile than a dam
        
        Protects urban areas
      - Negatives
        
        Expensive
        
        Space-consuming
        
        Eyesore to some
        
        Unsafe as they can breed disease
- - - - 2) In a flood event, the river takes the shortest course and cuts off the neck
      - 3) A ner straighter river course is found, so the meander is abandoned
      - 1) Erosion makes the swan-neck of the meander narrow
      - 4) Deposition cuts off the old meander, turning it into an oxbow lake that will eventually dry up
- - - - High Force waterfall
      - Gradient flattens out
      - Many meanders around Yarm
    - - Estuary
      - Located by Middlesborough
      - Houses one of the biggest container ports in the UK
    - - V-shaped valleys
      - Interlocking spurs
      - Many tributaries and streams
    - - hard Whin sill lies above limestone creating an overhang
      - Part of a gorge
    - - Source: Cross Fell - 300m above sea level
      - Northeastern England, from the northern Pennines 70 miles east to the North Sea
  - - - Small village in Cornwall
      - River Valency runs through it
      - Surrounded by steep hillsides
    - - August 2004
      - 89mm of rain fell in 1 hour
      - Valency burst its banks causing heavy localised flooding
      - 75 cars and 6 buildings washed away
    - - £10 million investment from the environmental agency
      - River widening and deepening to increase capacity
      - Removal/widening of bridges
      - Raising the car parks and using permeable surfaces
      - Removal of dead trees and vegetation