Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
THE FIRST WORLD WAR, Captura de pantalla (276), image, image, image, image…
THE FIRST WORLD WAR
ALLIANCES DURING THE WAR
new alliances based on
their interests
the pre-existing alliances
Central Powers
Austro-Hungarian Empire allied with German and Ottoman empires
Italy
belonged to the Triple Alliance
promised to remain neutral
Allies
Triple Entente
joined by Serbia
++ Belgium, Japan, Italy, Romania, the United States, Greece, Portugal, China, and various Latin American republics.
Italy
joined Allies
abandoned neutrality 1915
to recover Trieste and Istria (Austro-Hungarian)
PHASES OF THE WAR
Trench warfare
1915–16
trenches
couldn't advance
defend their position/ themselves
used new weapons (machine guns, heavy artillery, tanks...)
new tactics
to wear the enemy down
continually attack same
Verdun by Germany/ Somme by Great Britain
used battleships/ submarines
Battle of Jutland
British fleet defeated German
Incorporation and withdrawal of allies
1917
United States
join war with Allies
German submarines sunk their neutral merchant
1 January
fleet supplied Britain/ France threatened by Germans
Peace of Brest-Litovsk
political /social revolution in Russian Empire
Russia to withdraw from the war
Initial German offensives
1914
Schlieffen Plan
offensive --> Western Front (Belgium) /north France
aim reaching Paris
then German troops advanced to fight Russians
didn't succeed
First Battle of the Marne
French and British armies stopped
Japan occupied German colonies in Pacific and China
The end of the war and the Armistice
Allied forces
help of the Americans
advance on Western Front (2nd Battle of Marne)
Central Power
lack of resources
seek peace
Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated
11 November 1918
CAUSES
competed for control areas (tension)
control of colonies (Morocco)
France
wanted recuperate Alsace-Lorraine (lost to Germany)
Germany
important for economic expansion
Great Britain
merchant navy threatened
German Empire constructed large fleet --> to dominate international trade
control of the Balkans
Russian Empire
Austro-Hungarian Empire
Serbia angry about their expansion
pre-war crisis
In 1908
Austro-Hungarian Empire annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina
angered Russia/ Serbians living in Bosnia
In 1911
Morocco as a French protectorate --> part of Congo to Germany
In 1905
Morocco as a German protectorate failed
In 1912–13
Serbia/ Bulgaria/ Greece/ Montenegro war on Ottoman Empire
second war fought between these countries --> division of territories
Treaty of Bucharest (1913)
Bulgaria defeated
Serbia expanded its Balkan territories
assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
On 28 June 1914 in Sarajevo
heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire
shot by a young Bosnian Serb nationalist
Austro-Hungarian Empire declared war on Serbia
ECONOMY AND SOCIETY DURING THE WAR
war economy
all economic activity towards war
what
goods production decreased
shortages/ prices ++
not enough labourers
industrial sector --> production military equipment
Governments intervened
control distribution basic goods
rationing
black market
change customs/ new jobs
men
recruited into armed forces
women
leave the home
fill men's position
transport
industry
offices
allowed do jobs in economic sectors
PEACE SETTLEMENT
Paris Peace Conference
decide peace conditions on defeated countries
1919–1920
Woodrow Wilson
United States President
January 1918
proposed peace agreement --> Fourteen Points
rejected by Allies
wanted Germany to pay for the damage
Paris Peace Settlemen
Five separate treaties
Treaty of Versailles (for Germany)
prohibition heavy artillery/planes/submarines
payment of huge economic reparations
reduction of its territories
source of future conflict
CONSEQUENCES
social and economic consequences
Incorporation of women in workplace
did not accept return to traditional roles
capable of doing same jobs as men
women began to fight for right to vote
destruction of cities
transport networks/factories/agricultural land damaged
loss of Europe's economic power
loans from the US
material losses
US world's leading economic power
decrease in population
millions of victims in the war
birth rate decrease
Redistribution of the colonies
because of treaties
end of empires
Austro-Hungarian Empire
Austria/ Hungary/ Czechoslovakia/ Yugoslavia
German Empire
German Republic/ part of Czechoslovakia/ part of Poland
Ottoman Empire
Turkey/ Lebanon/ Jordan/ Syria/ Iraq/ part of Arabia/ Palestine
Russian Empire
Estonia/ Latvia/ Lithuania/ Finland/ Poland
