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THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION - Coggle Diagram
THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
The russian revolution
1917
Russian Empire
through a revolutionary process
put an end to the autocratic government
of Tsar Nicholas II
BEFORE THE REVOLUTION
The economy was semi-feudal
agricultural land
owned by wealthy minority
worked by a peasant majority
industrialisation
formation
small bourgeoisie
business owners
proletariat.
helped proletariat to become organised
There was social unrest
peasants
three-quarters of the population
lived in poverty and paid high taxes
hard working conditions
The government was autocratic
tsar had unlimited power and authority
not recognised
Civil rights
political parties
members had to meet in secret or emigrate to other countries
THE CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION
Tsar Nicholas II (1894–1917)
autocratic power decreased
The appearance of political parties
political parties were created
opposed the tsar
unhappy
lack of rights
miserable conditions
The 1905 Revolution
in St Petersburg
industrial workers
ask for
improvements in working conditions
political reform
protesters were brutally suppressed
Bloody Sunday
strikes and protest
Tsar Nicholas II
political reforms
authorised the formation of a Duma
power to make laws
was dissolved
autocracy was re-established
The Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905)
Russia and Japan
fought for control of Manchuria
new taxes were imposed
to pay for the conflict
Russian defeat
badly organised army
public hostility towards the tsar.
lack of transport
outdated military equipment
Participation in the First World War
1914
Russian Empire
took part in the First World War
allied with
Great Britain
France
Russian army
didn't have enough food or weapons
15 million soldiers were mobilised
continuous defeats
Petitions to the tsar
elections to the Constituent Assembly
universal and equal suffrage and secret ballot
THE 1917 REVOLUTIONS
The February Revolution: the provisional government
successful revolution
of workers
supported by soldiers and peasants
protested about
disasters of the war
shortage of food
demanded Russia's withdrawal
Tsar Nicholas II
forced to abdicate
March 1917
provisional government
liberals and Menshevik socialists
led by Alexander Kerensky
proclaimed Russia a republic
began to set up a democratic regime
called elections
universal male suffrage
Constituent assembly
would write a constitution
provisional government failed
not keep their promise
land among the peasants
not withdraw from the war
parallel government
by the Petrograd Soviet
immediate withdrawal of Russia from the war
The Bolsheviks
by Lenin
gained the support of the soviets
April theses
political programme
the demands
soldiers
soviets were recognised as the supreme power
peasants
workers
The October Revolution: the Bolshevik government
the Bolsheviks
led by Lenin and Trotsky
attacked Winter Palace in Petrograd
established a new proletarian government
Council of People's Commissars
Stalin succeeded Lenin when he died
organised into soviets
1918
first actions of Lenin's government
expropriate land and redistribute it among the peasants
control of industries to the workers' committees
Third International
coordinate
all the communist parties around the world.
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
allowed Russia to withdraw from the war
Russia agreed to give territory to Germany
Bolshevik party
Communist Party
civil war
Russia (1918–1921)
between
counter-revolutionaries
the tsarists, liberals and Mensheviks
White Army
supported by the Allied powers
Great Britain
United States
wanted Russia to re-open the Eastern Front against Germany
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France
Japan
the Bolshevik forces
Red Army
led by Trotsky
defended the new government
THE CREATION OF THE USSR
Economy
Lenin
postpone the implementation of socialism
shortage of food
New Economic Policy (NEP)
capitalist systems to exist to increase production
Peasants could sell their produce
artisan and trading companies were set up
state controlled the important sectors
large industries
foreign trade
banks
Territorial organisation
The USSR
federal state
Russia
main republic
smaller republics
Belorussia
Ukraine
The federal system
resolved the problems
Russian Empire
respected their autonomy and right to self-determination
Political organisation
put into practice
Marxist ideas (communism)
characteristics
political power
held by the soviets
controlled by the proletariat
the power to make laws
legislative power
choose the people who held executive power
Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU)
only political party, and it represented the interests of the workers
establishment of a proletariat dictatorship
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
In 1922
Constitution of 1924
established its territorial organisation
governmental institutions
