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:computer: L & L Infosys CH 2: GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION,…
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L & L Infosys CH 2: GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION
Systems for different Management Groups
Transaction Processing Systems
Describe the characteristics of TPS and the role it plays in business.
Definition: "a computerized system that performs and records daily routine transactions necessary to conduct business" (and then when writing your answer, give examples)
helps to keep track of cash deposits, flow of materials in a factory, etc.
helps operational managers make structured decisions (like the payroll system)
PAYROLL SYSTEM
To General Ledger
Management Reports
To government agencies
Employee paychecks
Employee/File Database
name, number, address, pay rate/gross pay, taxes, net pay, earnings, etc.
Online queries
Systems for Business Intelligence
Decision Support Systems (DSS)
"focus on problems that are unique and rapidly-changing" (Management Information Systems, Laudon & Laudon)
are less structured and predetermined than MIS
use internal information from MIS and TPS, but bring external sources' information as well (e.g. voyage-estimating system of a global shipping company)
help answer questions that aid with decision-making
Management Information Systems (MIS)
definition: "provides middle managers with reports on the organizations current performance" (Management Information Systems, Laudon & Laudon)
summarize and report on company's basic operations using data supplied from TPS.
answers predefined routine questions such as annual sales figure, etc.
uses simple routines instead of sophisticated models.
transforms inventory data in TPS to MIS files that can help managers monitor through reports.
Executive Support Systems (ESS)
helps senior management with decision making by "address(ing) nonroutine decisions requiring judgement, evaluation, and insight because there is no agreed on procedure for arriving at a solution"
designed to incorporate external event data
also draw internalised data from MIS and DSS
might include a digital dashboard in which key performance indicators and graphs of the firms are in
the COO
for example uses digital dashboards to monitor performance
displaying data of highest importance to senior managers through filtering and tracking
Definition of business intelligence: "a contemporary term for data and software tools for organizing, analyzing and providing access to data to help managers and other enterprise users to make more informed decisions" (Management Information Systems, Laudon & Laudon)
Enterprise Applications
"systems that span functional areas, focus on executing business processes across the firm, and include all levels of management"
Supply Chain Management Systems (SCM)
help manage business partnerships with suppliers
help share information about orders, inventory stats, delivery, etc.
increase profitability by engaging in just-in-time strategy: organizing to get right amount of products at the cheapest and fastest.
serves as an
interorganizational system
Customer-Relationship Management Systems (CRM)
How does a CRM help an organization manage interactions with their customers?
coordinates business processes through providing information like customer sales, marketing, satisfaction, etc.
Knowledge Management Systems (KMS)
serves knowledge workers (see ch 1)
help manage knowledge and expertise of the firm and utilize it to better business processes and decisions
also connect firm to external sources of knowledge
Enterprise systems/Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems
integrates business processes in various business fields of the firm into a single software platform
allows for a comprehensive repository where fragmented data is now collected and unified
firmwide information systems help for more precise and timely decision making
Intranets and Extranets
Intranet: internal company websites only accessible by employees
Extranets: only to company and their vendors
Processes enabled by networks and Internet
E-Business
E-Commerce
a subset of e-business
part of e-business that facilitates buying and selling of G&S on the internet, along with marketing and advertising.
using digital technology to carry out the firm's business processes
E-government
the usage of the internet by the government for governmental operations
delivering information to citizens, etc.
Why, how, and what
technologies and systems
are used for collaboration?
What is social business? Why is it so important in today's business landscape?
using social networking platforms with corporate social tools to engage firm's employees, supplies, and customers.
deepens relationships of groups both internally and externally
improve information discussion and decision making.
Breakdown of roles in Information Systems Department
Specialists
Programmers
technical specialists highly trained to program software instructions for computers
QUESTION: WHICH LAYER OF MANAGEMENT IS MORE LIKELY TO USE MIS?
IS managers
Systems analysts
translates business problems and requirements into the information system and analyse its capabilities and liaison with the other members
Information Systems Managers
Chief Information Officer (CIO)
oversees the use of IT in firm, with a strong background in business as well as IS expertise
Chief Security Officer (CSO)
responsible for reinforcing firm's IS security policies
educates and trains employees and IS specialists about security and manage threats to security
Chief [Information] Privacy Officer (CIPO)
ensures that company complies with existing data privacy laws
Chief Data Officer (CDO)
enterprise-wide overseeing of information utility so that the firm can get value from its data
Chief Knowledge Officer (CKO)
in charge of knowledge management, including seeking new knowledge or use existing knowledge better
What are business processes? How are they related to Information systems?
"the manner in which work is organized, coordinated, and focused to produce a valuable product or service" (Management Information Systems, Laudon & Laudon)
The firms performance is influenced by business processes
business processes can be a competitive edge against rivals if they improve effiiciency and encourage innovation.
however, they can also harm performance if the firms do not part with old business processes and adapt to current environment
that will impede responsiveness and efficiency
Every business is a collection of various business practices, many categorized for specific departments like sales and marketing, etc. For example, take a look at the
order fulfillment process.
even a simple process like fulfilling an order can be a series of business processes that requires the need of close
collaboration
How does IT then help with Business processes?
automate certain steps to improve efficiency (i.e. replacing repetitive and sequential tasks to allow for better business processes to occur simultaneously)
help organize and change information flow, enabling many more people to access and share information, invoking innovation and and efficiency
Benefits of Collaboration and Social Business
MIT Sloan Management Review's research: collaboration is essential in showing how digitally advanced firms create business value and estabish competitive edge (Kiron, 2017)
pg 91: collaboration capabilities
open culture
decentralized structure
Affects collaboration quality
which then affects firm performance
breadth of collaboration
pg 91: collaboration technology
collaboration and social tech for implementing operations
collaborative and social tech for strategic planning
"Collaboration is working with others to achieve shared and explicit goals."
SIX
IMPORTANT REASONS FOR COLLABORATION
Changing nature of work
has changed from mainly manufacturing to office-type environment
before, it was a silo-based work: work passed from one work station to another until it was complete
now, it needs more parties and interaction and collaboration to produce the service - interacting, talking and negotiating is the major part of most businesses nowadays
Growth of professional work
jobs with more interaction tend to be professional
each actor brings out their expertise to the job and have to collaborate with others to get the job done.
Changing organization of firm
before: more emphasis on hierarchy
now: work is more team.group oriented, with members expected to develop methods unique to solving issue at hand.
Changing scope of firm
from single locations to multiple locations throughout a region, more becoming global firms
with global working locations, there is a greater need for global cooperation for businesses to thrive
Emphasis on innovation
working in a team helps foster innovation, with help derived from colleagues
innovation is a group or social process
Changing culture of work and business
diverse groups produce more and better outputs than individuals
crowd-sourcing, wisdom of crowds
cultural support for collaboration and teamwork
Tools used for Collaboration
Instant Messaging (Texting) and email
allow you to engage in real time conversations
Wikis
easy for volunteers to contribute and edit content without the need for web development knowledge
helps store and share corporate knowledge and insights
Virtual Worlds
online 3d environments with avatars of people
helps for global collaboration, like avatar meets, interactions, and idea exchange in global conversations
Collaborative and Social Business Platforms
Virtual Meeting Systems
video and web conferencing tools (zoom, skype, etc)
Cloud Collaboration Services
example google drive, g suite, etc
onenote, etc. all have tools for document sharing and creation
file sharing, team collaboration
Microsoft SharePoint and IBM Notes
microsoft sharepoint is a browser-based collaboration and document management platform
integrated with microsoft office
IBM notes: calendar sharing, e-mail, messaging, collective writing, etc.
Enterprise Social Networking Tools
Salesforce chatter, Microsoft Yammer, Jive, etc. give members of a firm profiles and accounts similar to having Facebook for firms.
Evaluating The Tools
see page 97 of the collaboration framework thing