💻 L & L Infosys CH 2: GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION

Systems for different Management Groups

Transaction Processing Systems

Systems for Business Intelligence

Decision Support Systems (DSS)

Management Information Systems (MIS)

Executive Support Systems (ESS)

Enterprise Applications

"systems that span functional areas, focus on executing business processes across the firm, and include all levels of management"

Supply Chain Management Systems (SCM)

Definition of business intelligence: "a contemporary term for data and software tools for organizing, analyzing and providing access to data to help managers and other enterprise users to make more informed decisions" (Management Information Systems, Laudon & Laudon)

Customer-Relationship Management Systems (CRM)

Knowledge Management Systems (KMS)

Describe the characteristics of TPS and the role it plays in business.

"focus on problems that are unique and rapidly-changing" (Management Information Systems, Laudon & Laudon)

definition: "provides middle managers with reports on the organizations current performance" (Management Information Systems, Laudon & Laudon)

helps senior management with decision making by "address(ing) nonroutine decisions requiring judgement, evaluation, and insight because there is no agreed on procedure for arriving at a solution"

  • serves knowledge workers (see ch 1)

How does a CRM help an organization manage interactions with their customers?

Processes enabled by networks and Internet

Intranets and Extranets

E-Business

E-Commerce

E-government

  • the usage of the internet by the government for governmental operations
  • using digital technology to carry out the firm's business processes
  • a subset of e-business

Why, how, and what
technologies and systems
are used for collaboration?

"Collaboration is working with others to achieve shared and explicit goals."

SIX IMPORTANT REASONS FOR COLLABORATION

Changing nature of work

Growth of professional work

Changing organization of firm

Changing scope of firm

Emphasis on innovation

Changing culture of work and business

What is social business? Why is it so important in today's business landscape?

Benefits of Collaboration and Social Business

Tools used for Collaboration

Instant Messaging (Texting) and email

Wikis

Virtual Worlds

Collaborative and Social Business Platforms

Virtual Meeting Systems

  • MIT Sloan Management Review's research: collaboration is essential in showing how digitally advanced firms create business value and estabish competitive edge (Kiron, 2017)
  • jobs with more interaction tend to be professional
  • has changed from mainly manufacturing to office-type environment
  • before: more emphasis on hierarchy
  • from single locations to multiple locations throughout a region, more becoming global firms
  • working in a team helps foster innovation, with help derived from colleagues
  • diverse groups produce more and better outputs than individuals

Intranet: internal company websites only accessible by employees

  • allow you to engage in real time conversations
  • easy for volunteers to contribute and edit content without the need for web development knowledge
  • online 3d environments with avatars of people
  • video and web conferencing tools (zoom, skype, etc)

Cloud Collaboration Services

Microsoft SharePoint and IBM Notes

Enterprise Social Networking Tools

Salesforce chatter, Microsoft Yammer, Jive, etc. give members of a firm profiles and accounts similar to having Facebook for firms.

  • example google drive, g suite, etc
  • microsoft sharepoint is a browser-based collaboration and document management platform

Evaluating The Tools

Breakdown of roles in Information Systems Department

Specialists

Programmers

Systems analysts

Information Systems Managers

Chief Information Officer (CIO)

Chief Security Officer (CSO)

Chief [Information] Privacy Officer (CIPO)

Chief Data Officer (CDO)

  • technical specialists highly trained to program software instructions for computers
  • translates business problems and requirements into the information system and analyse its capabilities and liaison with the other members
  • responsible for reinforcing firm's IS security policies
  • oversees the use of IT in firm, with a strong background in business as well as IS expertise
  • ensures that company complies with existing data privacy laws
  • enterprise-wide overseeing of information utility so that the firm can get value from its data

QUESTION: WHICH LAYER OF MANAGEMENT IS MORE LIKELY TO USE MIS?

What are business processes? How are they related to Information systems?

"the manner in which work is organized, coordinated, and focused to produce a valuable product or service" (Management Information Systems, Laudon & Laudon)

The firms performance is influenced by business processes

business processes can be a competitive edge against rivals if they improve effiiciency and encourage innovation.

however, they can also harm performance if the firms do not part with old business processes and adapt to current environment

that will impede responsiveness and efficiency

Every business is a collection of various business practices, many categorized for specific departments like sales and marketing, etc. For example, take a look at the order fulfillment process.

  • even a simple process like fulfilling an order can be a series of business processes that requires the need of close collaboration

How does IT then help with Business processes?

  • automate certain steps to improve efficiency (i.e. replacing repetitive and sequential tasks to allow for better business processes to occur simultaneously)
  • help organize and change information flow, enabling many more people to access and share information, invoking innovation and and efficiency

Definition: "a computerized system that performs and records daily routine transactions necessary to conduct business" (and then when writing your answer, give examples)

  • helps to keep track of cash deposits, flow of materials in a factory, etc.
  • helps operational managers make structured decisions (like the payroll system)

PAYROLL SYSTEM

To General Ledger

Management Reports

To government agencies

Employee paychecks

Employee/File Database

  • name, number, address, pay rate/gross pay, taxes, net pay, earnings, etc.

Online queries

  • summarize and report on company's basic operations using data supplied from TPS.
  • answers predefined routine questions such as annual sales figure, etc.
  • uses simple routines instead of sophisticated models.
  • transforms inventory data in TPS to MIS files that can help managers monitor through reports.
  • designed to incorporate external event data
  • are less structured and predetermined than MIS
  • use internal information from MIS and TPS, but bring external sources' information as well (e.g. voyage-estimating system of a global shipping company)
  • help answer questions that aid with decision-making
  • also draw internalised data from MIS and DSS
  • might include a digital dashboard in which key performance indicators and graphs of the firms are in
  • displaying data of highest importance to senior managers through filtering and tracking

the COO for example uses digital dashboards to monitor performance

Enterprise systems/Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems

  • integrates business processes in various business fields of the firm into a single software platform
  • allows for a comprehensive repository where fragmented data is now collected and unified
  • firmwide information systems help for more precise and timely decision making
  • help manage business partnerships with suppliers
  • help share information about orders, inventory stats, delivery, etc.
  • increase profitability by engaging in just-in-time strategy: organizing to get right amount of products at the cheapest and fastest.
  • serves as an interorganizational system
  • coordinates business processes through providing information like customer sales, marketing, satisfaction, etc.
  • help manage knowledge and expertise of the firm and utilize it to better business processes and decisions
  • also connect firm to external sources of knowledge

Extranets: only to company and their vendors

  • part of e-business that facilitates buying and selling of G&S on the internet, along with marketing and advertising.
  • delivering information to citizens, etc.
  • before, it was a silo-based work: work passed from one work station to another until it was complete
  • now, it needs more parties and interaction and collaboration to produce the service - interacting, talking and negotiating is the major part of most businesses nowadays
  • each actor brings out their expertise to the job and have to collaborate with others to get the job done.
  • now: work is more team.group oriented, with members expected to develop methods unique to solving issue at hand.
  • with global working locations, there is a greater need for global cooperation for businesses to thrive
  • innovation is a group or social process
  • crowd-sourcing, wisdom of crowds
  • cultural support for collaboration and teamwork

using social networking platforms with corporate social tools to engage firm's employees, supplies, and customers.

  • deepens relationships of groups both internally and externally
  • improve information discussion and decision making.

pg 91: collaboration capabilities

  • open culture
  • decentralized structure
  • breadth of collaboration

pg 91: collaboration technology

  • collaboration and social tech for implementing operations
  • collaborative and social tech for strategic planning

Affects collaboration quality

which then affects firm performance

  • helps store and share corporate knowledge and insights
  • helps for global collaboration, like avatar meets, interactions, and idea exchange in global conversations
  • onenote, etc. all have tools for document sharing and creation
  • file sharing, team collaboration
  • integrated with microsoft office

IBM notes: calendar sharing, e-mail, messaging, collective writing, etc.

see page 97 of the collaboration framework thing

  • educates and trains employees and IS specialists about security and manage threats to security

Chief Knowledge Officer (CKO)

  • in charge of knowledge management, including seeking new knowledge or use existing knowledge better

IS managers