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Retrieval Failure - Coggle Diagram
Retrieval Failure
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- memory more effective if info present when encoded also available at time of retrieval
- suggests environmental & mental cues aid recall of info
- 2 types of retrieval failure due to absence of cues:
- context- dependent failure
- State dependent failure
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- investigate whether cues will improve recall
- ps learnt 48 words relating to 12 categories - included 2 recall conditions
- given either categories as cues to aid recall or had to freely recall
- 40% success rate in free recall but 60% in category recall
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- when state emotional/cognitive influence recall
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- asked male ps to remember list of words when drunk or sober
- ps recall list after 24 hrs but others had to get drunk again
- found those sober at learning but drunk at recall remembered less
- drunk at learning & recall remembered more
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- S-DF most likely to occur if context is diff to place of retrieval
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- when external cues environment/context determines memory
- most likely to occur if context is diff to place of retrieval
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- investigate effect of contextual cues in realistic environ.
- ps were prof. scuba divers - learn word list either on land or under water.
- asked to recall in either condition
- recall highest when learning & recall environ. matched
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