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Unti 4: The impact of WW2 in Germany 1939-45 - Coggle Diagram
Unti 4: The impact of WW2 in Germany 1939-45
Total war 1934-45
Nazis moved to 'Total war' in 1943 after they began to lose
The German slost the
Battle of Stalingrad
in 1943 to the Russians and resulted in the Nazi forces starting to retreat back to Berlin
Goebbels
wanted to get all civilians involved to increase the amount of weapons being produced to fight the allies - this was
'Total war'
3 million women (17-45) were called to work - only 1 million turned-up
Shortages became worse - hair dye banned, civilian cloths stopped being made and professional sport was ended
1943, bombing of German cities stepped up as the American planes started joining in - July 1943, half of Hamburg was destroyed and 40,000 civilians killed
1944-45 there was desperation and chaos in Germany
Goebbels became
Reich trustee for Total war
in 1944 and made half a million workers become soldiers, increased the compulsory service age of women to 50, and made 7.6 million foreign workers come to Germany to help make weapons
October 1944, all men (16-60) who weren't in the army joined a militia called the
Volksstrum
- wore no uniform and used old weapons
Hitler Youth used to defend German towns in war's final months - youngest was 10 years old
1945, allied bombers destroyed Dresden killing 25,000 and the Russians destroyed Berlin. The Germans fought to the bitter end, and only surrendered after Hitler committed suicide
Germany at war 1939-42
194, RAF began bombing German cities - the government built air-raid shelters and evacuated children under 14 to Hitler youth run camps in the countryside
food shortages caused rationing of food, clothes and coal
Winter 1940 was the worst ever, and led to people foraging for firewood
confusion over who was controlling the economy led to poor levels of weapons and materials being produced
February 1942, the new
Albert Speer
(minister of Armaments) took greater control of wartime production,more than doubling the number of tanks and aircrafts produced - went against traditional Nazi ideas by employing more women in factories
Dietrich Bonhoeffer
was a protestant pastor who worked for the
Abwehr
(military intelligence) passed messages to underground resistance ad helped organise the escape of Jews to Switzerland - he was arrested in 1943 and died in a concentration camp
Cardinal Galen
spoke out against the murders of mntally and physically disabled people - he was arrested and 3 priests who helped him were executed
1943, Jewish men who had Aryan wives were taken to a building on th 'Roseenstrasse' where they were sent to concentration camps - their wives protested and the men were released
White Rose
were a group at Munich University led by Sofie Scholl - they sent out 9000 anti-nazi leaflets and were executed
as it became more clear that the war was lost, passive resistance grew - people listened to the BBC and told anti-Nazi jokes
Opposition was limited as people were scared - the Nazis did well at the start of the war, their propaganda was effective and some Germans didn't knwo about the Holocaust