Poverty and
Environmental Psychology

Definition

Environmental Theories

Behavior Constraint
Theory

Psychological
Reactance

Building
Control

An individual may acquire learned helplessness when repeated efforts fail to gain control over excessive or undesirable environmental stimuli.

Response to the perceived loss
of freedom in an environment

Root of Causes

Environment

Individual

People in poverty have constraints because of their environment

Response to the perceived loss of freedom in an environment

Slum area

The inability from an economic, material, and physical point of view to meet the basic needs of food and non-food as measured by expenditure.
(BPS, 2016)

Socio-economic

Learned helplessness

The economic is not sufficient

Data

Jakarta (BPS)

Surabaya (BPS)

Poverty Rate Increases by 0.21%. Based on data from the Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) in 2021, the poor population in Surabaya is recorded at 5.23 percent or 152,489 people.

Directing behavior to change the environment

Jakarta's poverty rate reached 4.67% or 498.290 people in September 2021. It declined by 0.05% or 3.63 thousand people in March 2021.

Narrow job opportunities

Solution

Poverty countermeasure
program created by
Indonesian Government

1st Cluster

2nd Cluster

3rd Cluster

Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH)

Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS)

Bantuan Siswa Miskin (BSM)

Program Nasional
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (PNPM)

Jaminan Kesehatan Masyarakat (JAMKESMAS)

Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR)

A national program in the form of a policy framework as the basis and reference for the implementation of community empowerment-based poverty reduction programs.

Kredit Usaha Bersama (KUBE)

Beras Untuk Keluarga Masyarakat (RASKIN)

Program Perluasan Dan Pengembangan
Kesempatan Kerja/Padat Karya Produktif

social protection program that provides cash assistance to Rumah Tangga
Sangat Miskin (RTSM)

To build the community's economy through activities that are productive in nature by utilizing the potential of natural resources, human resources and existing simple technology as well as market opportunities

purpose

short-term: reduce RTSM financial problem

long-term: break the cycle of poverty between generations

National government loan funds in the form of Kredit Modal Kerja (KMK) or Kredit Investasi (KI). The government helps cover through a guarantee program up to a maximum of 70% of the credit ceiling

government program to provide funding for non-personnel costs for primary and junior secondary education units as a form of implementation of the compulsory education program

A program that aims to improve the ability of KUBE members in meeting the needs of daily life, marked by: increasing family income; improving the quality of food, clothing, housing, health, education level

Purpose

meringankan beban masyarakat terhadap pembiayaan pendidikan dalam rangka wajib belajar sembilan tahun yang bermutu

Reference

improve access to bank financing which was previously limited to large-scale businesses

PNPM Mandiri Perkotaan

assistance provided to students from underprivileged families to be able to carry out learning activities at school.

The establishment of community institutions to represent the voices of the poor who are aspirational, representative, and become a forum for solving problems that exist in their area

Increasing the ability of KUBE members in overcoming problems that may occur in their families and with their social environment

Increasing the ability of KUBE members in displaying their social roles, both within the family and in their social environment

Planning to increasing the access for the urban poor to social services, infrastructure and facilities as well as funding (capital)

Environmental
Psychological Analysis

Prioritizing the role of City/Regency Governments so that they are increasingly able to meet the needs of the poor

Meso

Macro

Individual

PNPM Infrastruktur Sosial Ekonomi Wilayah
(PISEW)

A program that was needed to reduce inter-regional, poverty alleviation, and reduce the open unemployment rate

purpose

students from underprivileged circles can continue their education at school

social assistance programs for health services for the poor and near-poor.

purpose

improve access to the poor and near-poor in order to obtain health services

food subsidies intended for poor families as an effort from the government

purpose

improve food security and provide protection to poor families.

To analyze the influence of the physical environment on individual behavior

Hikikomori

Related to family and neighborhood

Related to cultural
and social structure

Kurt Lewin
Field Theory

B=f(P*E)

The 3 Perspectives In Environment
Psychology Related to The Poverty
(ini blm selese)

Behavior is the results of the environment and the individuals

Ecology (Bronfenbenner)

Geography determinism

Cognitive (Stress Environment)

Medan (BPS)

Bandung (BPS)

Semarang (BPS)

There are some policies for residents of Jagir Dam settlements. Their homes were evicted by the government. But the government gave them 2 options;

The government give them a certain amount of money for them to use

The government give them a place to live, but they have to move within 5 years

Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) noted that in 2019 the number of poor people in Medan City was 183, 79 thousand people or about 8.08 percent of the total population.

Referring to data from the Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) 117,700 people in that year, the number of poor people in 2019 was 85,670 people.

The number of poor people in Semarang City in 2021 will reach 84.45 thousand people (4.56 percent)

Reference

Gesellschaft

Gemeinschaft

That the sense of community was paramount to the quality of life and well-being. It has the feeling that one is part of a readily available, supportive, and dependable structure, that is part of everyday life and not just when disasters strike

Rational self-interest and calculating conduct act to weaken the traditional bonds of family, kinship, and religion that permeate the Gemeinschaft’s structure.

A condition that mainly affects adolescents or young adults who live isolated from the world locked in their bedrooms for days, months, or even years on end, and refusing to communicate even with their family.

Slums are residential areas which quality is unfit for habitation

People try to reaffirm their control by anticipating environmental factors that constraint their behaviour. this anticipationn called psychological reactance. when this anticipation failed learn helplessness appears

It is undeniable that today's technological advances have an impact on the lack of job opportunities. Many human jobs are currently being replaced by machines. This lack of job opportunities causing lots of unemployment and leads to poverty.

The behavior of the poor is influenced by several factors, including; "Person" and "Environment". The "Person" factor relates to the nature/behavior, motivation, mindset, etc.

The "Environment" factor is not only a place where individuals grow, but includes the social environment (the state of the local community). These things affect the individual's response to the circumstances around them

Neighborhood

Human relations are more impersonal and indirect, being rationally constructed in the interest of efficiency or other economic and political considerations

Asserts that human history, culture, society and lifestyles, development, etc. are shaped by their physical environment

People who live near the the port area will work as sailors or crew members

View individual development as a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment, from immediate settings of the family to broad cultural values, laws, and customs.

Family

Parents in poor family may not giving enough care and avoid emotional bonds with their children due to the stressing environment and frustrations

These children, when they become parents, may be unprepared and unable to meet the needs of their own children

The need for consistent, stimulating, and responsive parenting is thought to be important

The air they breathe, the water they drink, and the buildings in which they play are disproportionately exposed to harmful pollutants and other household contaminants

Highly neurotoxic and associated with a variety of cognitive impairments

Environmental stresses, such as natural disasters, can cause stress in poor socio-economic individuals

Not enough food storage, house damage, physical damage

situations in the environment sometimes bring obstacles for the people. the obstacles can actually be from the environment itself or from their cognitive interpretation. this kind of situations causing behaviour constraints

organism environment fit mode: the suitability of the environmental design with the behavior accommodated in that environment. the existence of patterns of behavior that have been arranged or called 'programs' associated with the setting of the place.

Job opportunities are also related to the education level of the community. most people with low levels of education are not accepted into jobs. it can be concluded that a low level of education also reduces job opportunities.