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Passive Protection Topic 11 - Coggle Diagram
Passive Protection Topic 11
Main areas of Passive Protection - Mean of Escape（逃） & Structural Protection ( 護）
Mean of Escape
- Provision of sufficient and proper constructed escape path/route with clear and illuminated signages and direction.
Structural Protection
- Protect structural component of building to prevent untimely collapse and building structure should be able to withstand fire for a certain period of time.
Compartmentation
- Division of building into compartments with fire resistant floor and wall to contain fire for a period of time.
Building purpose group
- I (residential) 1hr, VI (Factory) 2hrs
Exit Requirement depends on
Types of occupancy
Exit capacity
Occupancy load
Travel distance to an exit
Floor area
One-way Travel
- One direction to travel to exits and reach splitting point with 2 or more exit route
Office max. travel distance - 30m
Hotel max. travel distance - 20m
Direct Distance
- It is the direct and shortest distance from one point of the space to exit ignoring all wall and partition
Maximum travel distance
is deemed to be met if
Direct travel distance
is does one exceed
2/3 of maximum travel distance
permitted
Travel Distance
- It is the actual distance occupant has to travel from most remote point of the room to exterior space. (Most remote point shall be measure 400mm from the enclosure wall)
Dead End
- Dead End is situated in common areas with only 1 exit from one of the end.
Maximum length of DE - Unsprinkled (15m), Sprinkled (20m)
Two-way Travel
- 2 exit giving occupants an alternative route to escape when one is obstructed
office without sprinkled max. travel distance - 45m
Hotel with sprinkled max. travel distance - 60m
Compartmentation by Height*
Basement floor - No compartmentation above 1 storey
FCC should be compartmented with wall and floor with 2hrs of fire resistance
Floors not <24storey - no more than 3 storey compartmentation
Floors >24 storeys - no more than 1 storey compartmentation