Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

OGAYRE, GIRLIE ANDREA Date Finished: 03/13/2022, CLINICAL HOMEOSTATIC…

- - - - FUNCTIONS
        
        warm of insects on skin
        
        hair on head guards against physical trauma
        
        protect from heat loss
        
        shield skin from sunlight
      - STRUCTURE
        
        also called pili
        
        produced by hair follicles
        
        contains hard keratin
      - REGION
        
        SHAFT: area that extends above scalp (keratinization completed)
        ROOT: area within scalp (keratinization is going on)
    - - HAIR BULB
        
        expanded area at deep end of follicle
      - HAIR FOLLICLE RECEPTOR
        
        root hair plexus
        
        PERIPHERAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE
        
        aka fibrous sheath
        
        derived from dermis
        
        GLASSY MEMBRANE
        
        thickened basal lamina
        
        EPITHELIAL ROOT SHEATH
        
        derived from epidermis
      - CONTAINS
        
        HAIR MATRIX
        
        new cells
        
        pushes older ones upward
        
        ARRECTOR PILI
        
        small band of smooth muscle
        
        responsible "goose bumps"
        
        HAIR PAPILLA
        
        knot capillaries
        
        supplies nutrients to grow hair
    - - VELLUS HAIR
        
        pale
        fine body hair of children and adult females
      - TERMMINAL HAIR
        
        course, long hair
        
        PUBERTY: appears in axiallary and pubic regions both sexes
        
        also on face and neck of males
  - - - Superficial region
        Consists of epithelial tissue and is avascular
        
        CELLS OF THE EPIDERMIS
        
        KERATINOCYTES
        
        Produce fibrous keratin (protein that gives skin its protective properties
        "KALYO"
        
        MELANOCYTES
        
        Produce pigment melanin, which is packaged into melanosomes
        
        DENDRITIC
        
        Star-shaped macrophages that patrol deep epidermis
        Key activators of immune system
        "LANGERHANS CELLS"
        
        TACTILE
        
        Sensory receptors that sense touch
        "MERKEL CELLS"
      - LAYERS OF THE EPIDERMIS
        
        Stratum Basale
        
        Deepest epidermis layer
        
        single row of keratinocytes
        
        produces lots of keratin
        
        constantly producing a new epidermis
        
        contains melanocytes and tactile cells
        
        Stratum Spinosum
        
        Prickly layer
        
        several cell layers thick
        
        weblike system
        
        contains dendritic cells
        
        Stratum Granulosum
        
        granular layer
        
        4-6 cell layers thick keratinization begins here
        
        cells are far from dermal capillaries
        
        begins to flatten and harden
        
        Stratum Lucidum
        
        clear layer
        
        only thick skin
        
        2-3 cell layers thick made of dead and clear keratinocytes
        
        aggregate into tonofilaments
        
        Stratum Corneum
        
        horny layer
        
        20-30 rows of flat, anucleated, keratinized dead cells
        
        protected by many layers of dead cells
    - - Underlies epidermis
        Mostly fibrous connective tissue, vascular
        
        CELLS OF DERMIS
        
        FIBROBLASTS
        
        MACROPHAGES
        
        WHITE BLOOD CELLS
        
        LAYERS OF DERMIS
        
        PAPILLARY
        
        superficial layer of areolar connective tissue
        
        loose, interlacing collagen and elastic fibers and blood vessels
        
        DERMAL PAPILLAE
        
        fingerlike projections
        
        dermal ridges cause ridges in the epidermis as well
        
        finger prints
        
        RETICULAR
        
        dense fibrous connective tissue arranged irregularly
        
        network of blood vessels
        
        make up -80% of dermal thickness
        
        consists of coarse, dense fibrous connective tissue
        
        elastic fibers provide stretch-recoil properties
        
        collagen fibers provide strength and resiliency
        
        CUTANEOUS PLEXUS : network of blood vessels
        
        EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX: contains pockets of adipose cells
        
        CLEAVAGE LINES
        
        caused by many collagen fibers running parallel to skin surface
        
        externally invisible
        
        heal more readily
        
        FLEXURE LINES
        
        dermal folds at or near joints
        -visible on hands, wrists, fingers, soles and toes
        
        CONTAINED:
        
        nerves
        
        blood vessels
        
        lymphatic vessels
        
        epidermal hair follicles
        
        oil glands
        
        sweat glands
    - - Superficial fascia
        subcutaneous layer deep to skin
        Not part of skin but shares some functions
        mostly adipose tissue that absorbs shock and insulates
    - - MELANIN
        
        made of melanocytes
        
        reddish yellow to brownish black
        
        freckles and pigmented moles are local accumulations of melanin
      - CAROTENE
        
        yellow to orange pigment
        -most obvious in palms and soles
        -converted to vitamin A for vision and epidermal health
      - HEMOGLOBIN
        
        pinkish hue of fair skin due to lower levels of melanin
        
        skin of Caucasians is more transparent
  - - - TWO TYPES
        
        ECCRINE
        
        sweat glands (merocrine)
        
        numerous type
        
        abundant on palm, soles and forehead
        ducts connect to pores
        
        FUNCTION
        
        regulated by SNS
        
        SECRETION
        
        99% water, salts, vitamin C, antibodies, dermcidin (microbe-killing peptide) metabolic wastes
        
        APOCRINE
        
        sweat glands
        
        confined to axillary and anogenital areas
        
        secrete viscous milky or yellowish sweat
        
        larger than eccrine sweat glands with ducts emptying into hair follicles
        
        begin functioning at puberty
        
        CERUMINOUS GLANDS
        
        lining of external ear canal
        
        secrete cerumen (earwax)
        
        MAMMARY GLANDS
        
        secrete milk
      - CONTAIN MYOEPITHELIAL CELLS
        
        contract upon NS stimulation to force sweat into ducts
  - - - NAIL BED
        
        underneath keratinized nail plate
      - NAIL MATRIX
        
        thickened portion of bed
        
        responsible for nail growth
      - NAIL FOLDS
        
        overlap border of nail
      - EPONYCHIUM
        
        nail fold that projects onto surface of nail body
        
        aka CUTICLE
      - HYPONYCHIUM
        
        area under free edge of plate that accumulates dirt
        
        LUNULE: thickened
  - - - SECRETE SEBUM
        
        oily holocrine secretion
        
        bactericidal (bacteria-killing) properties
        
        softens hair and skin