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Ariana Hernandez P. 7 Lymphatic/Immune System - Coggle Diagram
Ariana Hernandez
P. 7
Lymphatic/Immune System
Major functions of the Lymphatic & Immune systems (include BOTH)
lymphatic system- The function of the lymphatic system is for the lymphatic vessels to collect and carry away the excess tissue fluid from interstial spaces, The lymph nodes are situated along those lymphatic vessels and they contain lymphocytes which help defend the body against diseases.
Immune system- The function of the immune system is to protect us from bacteria, viruses, parasites, and the fungi that causes infection and diseases.
Innate(natural) immune defenses and Adaptive(acquired) immune defenses
Adaptive immune defenses- It responds to specific pathogens, slowly. Accomplished by specialized lymphocytes, which secrete cytokines or antibodies
Innate (natural) immune defenses- responds to nonspecific pathogens quickly. This includes species resistance, fever, inflamation,chemical barriers, mechanical barriers,natrual killer cells, and phagocytosis.
Purpose and examples of First, Second and Third line of defense
2nd line of defense- are chemical barriers, enzymes, fever, phagocytosis, natural killer cells, and inflamation.
3d line of defense- is the cellular immune response and humoral immune response. It is against pathogens.
First line of defense- This is the skin and mucus membrane which are the mechanical barriers.
Location of Lymphatic organs and their functions
Thymus- The location of the thymus is in between the chest and behind the sternum. Its function is to site the T cells maturation.
Spleen - The location of the spleen is in the upper left side of the abdomen and next to the stomach. Its function is to cleanse the blood and remove aged or defective red blood cells and it also stores platelets, iron, and monocytes.
Lymph node- the lymph nodes are located in groups along the lymphatic vessels. The function is to filter the lymph, lymphocytes, lymphocyte production, the immune surveillance, and macrophages.
Humoral response and cellular response
Cellular immune response or cell-mediated immunity: response through cell-to-cell contact, as activated T cells interact directly with antigen-bearing cells.
Immune response is directed against “nonself” molecules,
which are usually large and complex foreign molecules
Humoral response- Antibodies travel through the body fluids to attack and destroy antigens; and this is called the humoral response.
Artificial vs. Naturally acquired immunity
Artificially acquired passive immunity- involves the injection of gamma globulins containing antibodies or antiserum; this is short-term, because there was no antigen exposure, no immune response, and no memory B cells produced.
Naturally acquired active immunity- occurs after exposure to the antigen and long-term resistance results, due to the events of a primary events of a primary immune response and the memory B cells are produced.
Artaficial active immunity- Artificially acquired active immunity occurs through the use of vaccines, without the person becoming ill from the disease; since vaccines contain weakened or dead pathogens, person develops long-term immunity, due to an immune response that includes memory B cell formation
Naturally acquired passive immunity- occurs as antibodies are passed from mother to fetus; this is short-term immunity, due to lack of an immune response and lack of memory B cell formation.
Passive vs. Active immunity
Passive immunity- This is obtained by receiving antibodies. during passive immunity there is no immune response because there is no antigen contact. Also, there is no memory B cells being produced which makes this short term immunity.
Active immunity- This is obtained through antigen exposure. The immune response occurs in a person then antibodies and memory B cells are produced and are long-lasting immunity.
Antigens and antibodies
Antigens- Can be any large molecules that that can trigger an immune response to proteins, food, chemicals, and more. Immune response is directed against “nonself” molecules, Also, Before birth, the body makes an inventory of “self” antigens.
Antibodies-Antibodies travel through the body fluids to attack and destroy antigens; this is called the humoral immune response.
Disorders associated with the Immune system
Autommunity disorder- The immune system manufactures antibodies called autoantibodies and this also damages the body's own tissues. Also, Autoimmune disorders may result from viral infection, faulty T cell development, or reaction to a nonself antigen that closely resembles a self antigens.
Examples: would be Diabetes mellitus, beta cells of pancreas which these produce insulin but are destroyed by antibodies.
Cells involved in the immune system and their functions
B cells- can activate and produce a clone then encounters the antigen. Some of the B cells differentiate into plasma cells, which produce and secrete antibodies. Then the Other B cells become memory B cells and these remain dormant at the time.
Memory T cells- has a quick respond to exposure to the same antigens.
Cytotoxic T cells- eliminate cancer cells and the viruses infected cells.
Helper T cell- This causes B cells to produce antibodies against displayed antibodies.