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Elyza Vivar Per.5 Lymphatic/ Immune system - Coggle Diagram
Elyza Vivar Per.5 Lymphatic/ Immune system
Major functions of the Immune and Lymphatic systems
Defend the body from pathogens and antigens
keep pathogens outside of the body( 1st line of defense)
Take out foreign objects from lymph fluid
Be Faster if the same pathogen gets inside the body
Location of Lymphatic organs and their functions
Tonsils- throat
Stop germs from entering the body
Thymus- Chest
Is larger in children and shrinks as we age; where T- cells mature
Red Bone Marrow- Center of all bones
Produces T and B cells; also where B-cells mature
Spleen- Upper abdomen
Largest lymphatic organ; cleanses the blood and gets rid of old RBC's and stores platelets,monocytes, and iron
Peyer's paches- Small intestine
Moniter and prevent bacterial growth in the intestines
Appendix- lower abdomen
houses good bacteria
Lymph Nodes- all over the body
cleanses lymph
MALT- Stomach
prevents pathogens from penetrating mucous membrane
First, Second and Third line of defense
1st
Mechanical Barriers- Skin, mucous membranes
Hair, sweat, and mucus
Tries to keep pathogens out of the body
2nd
Chemical Barriers: Enzymes, pH, salt, interferons, complement
NK Cells: kills pathogens, Inflammation: fluid rushes to infection site with WBC's, Phagocytosis: the cells eat the pathogens, fever: the body raises its temperature to give the pathogen a bad environment to reproduce
1st internal defense against pathogens
3rd
If the 2nd line fails then the 3rd is activated
Cellular Immune response
Humoral Immune response
Innate immune defenses and Adaptive immune defenses
Innate Immune
antibodies are passed from mother to the fetus
species resistance to pathogens
Guard against of lots of pathogens
responds easily
defenses that you are born with
Does not need to activated to a certain pathogen
responds quickly
Will attack any foreign pathogen
Adaptive Immune
causes 3rd line of defense to activiate
is activated to kill a certain pathogen
Takes time to get started up
Will make antibodies
A memory cell will be made if it a a new pathogen
Humoral and Cellular Response
Humoral
antibody-mediated immunity
produce and secrete antibodies
B-cell is the main worker
Antibodies are secretes to attack pathogens and stop them from reproducing
Cellular
Mainly T-cells
Will need to be activated
T-cells attack cells that have the antigen protein on the outer membrane
Antigens and antibodies
Antigen
Made from B-cells, plasma cells, and memory cells
Antibodies
A protein that trigger our immune system (usually appears on the exterior of a pathogen
Artificial vs. Naturally acquired immunity
Artificial
Acquired active immunity
Vaccine: contains weakened/ dead pathogen; person develops long-term immunity; causes a n immune response and memory B-cell formation
Acquired Passive Immunity
contains injection of antibodies; short-term immunity; no memory cells are made
Natural
Acquired active immunity
Occurs when exposed to pathogen; long-term immunity; immune response in activated and memory b-cells are made
Acquired Passive Immunity
Occurs when antibodies are passed from mother to fetus, short-term, does not activate the immune response and no memory b-cells are made
Passive vs. Active immunity
Passive
is exposed to the antigen; long-term immunity, production of memory b-cells
Active
receives antibodies; short-term immunity; no production of memory b-cells
Disorders associated with the Immune system
hypersensitive
Allergies: the immune system doesn't realize that these proteins are harmless and will react to some food
Autoantibodies
the immune system will attack it´s own tissues
Autoimmune
the system will attack its own body
Cells involved in the immune system and their functions
Macrophages- eat foreign objects/ pathogens and old cells
Cytotoxic T-cells- recognize and kill pathogens
Helper T-cells- stimulate B-cells to "wake-up" and produce antibodies
Memory T-cell- will make the immune system faster if the same pathogen returns
B-cells- turn into plasma cells
Memory B-cell- will remember the pathogen and continue to create antibodies
Plasma cell- Produces antibodies
Dedritic cell- wears pieces of the pathogen to "awaken" a T-cell
NK cell- secretes a chemical to attack pathogens
Monocyte- attacks bigger pathogens
Basophil- release proteins that stick to the pathogen to alert macrophages
Eosinophil- trap and kill pathogens
Neutrophil- Will attack anything in it´s way and will eventually self destruct and continue to kill pathogens