Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Immune System Arianna Reyes P.1 - Coggle Diagram
Immune System Arianna Reyes P.1
Major Functions of Lymph and Immune Systems
The immune system provides resistance to disease which is made of two intrinsic systems: innate and adaptive
Both recognize and release many of the same defensive molecules
Location of Lymph Organs & Functions
Lymphoid organs are found throughout the body & help keep an immune response
Lymph nodes
Cleanses the lymph and is a site for lymphocyte acitvation
Spleen
Cleanses blood and removes aged/bad RBCs + stores iron, platelets and monocytes
MALT
Stops pathogens from attacking mucus membrane and is a site for lymphocyte activation
Thymus
Site of T cell maturation
Other organs: red bone marrow, tonsils, appendix, and Peyer's patches
Examples and Purpose of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Lines of Defense
First line of defense: physical barriers
Skin, mucous membranes and their secretions. Their purpose is to keep invaders from entering the body
Second line of defense: cells and inflammation
Phagocytes, natural killer cells, inflammatory response and antimicrobial proteins. Their purpose is to prevent invaders from causing severe harm to the body
Third line of defense:
Adaptive system; specific phagocytic cells which take down pathogens
Innate and Adaptive Defenses
Innate: Born with, is physical defenses and is nonspecific
Skin, mucous membrane + their secretions, calls, inflammation
Uses cells that are nonspecific and phagocytic
Adaptive: Acquired, isn't active from birth and is specific
2 branches: Humoral (antibody-mediated) and Cellular (cell-mediated)
Uses B and T cells which are specific destructive cells
Humoral and Cellular Response
Humoral Response
Binds temporarily to target cell
Contains B cells, which are activated by Helper B cells
Active when B cell encounters target antigen
Cellular Response
Lymphocytes act against invaders
Contains T cells
2 population of T cells: CD4 and CD8
Antigens and Antibodies
Antigens
Substances that can mobilize adaptive defenses and provoke immune responses
Self Antigens
: cells covered in variety of proteins on surface that may be antigenic to others in transfusions or grafts
Antibodies
Proteins secreted by plasma cells and are shaped like T or Y
Major classes: IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE
Artificial v. Naturally acquired Immunity
Active Immunity
Naturally acquired: in response to actual bacterial or viral infection
Artificially acquired: in response to vaccine of dead or attenuated
Passive Immunity
Naturally acquired: antibodies delivered to fetus via placenta or breast milk
Artificially acquired: injection of serum
Passive v. Active Immunity
Passive occurs when ready-made antibodies are introduced into the body
Active occurs when a disease or virus triggers the immune system
Cells Involved in Immune & Their Functions
Neutrophil: first on site; usually die fighting
Macrophage: engulfs pathogens to break them down
Complement cells: promote inflammation
Dendritic cells: antigen presenting cell that notifies 3rd response cells
Natural killer cells: large, granular cells that can kill cancerous cells
Monocytes: type of white blood cell that fights pathogens
Mast cells: type of white blood cell that patrols lymph vessels and connective tissues
Killer T (cytotoxic cells): fight pathogens directly
B cells: fight pathogens indirectly
Helper T cell: helps active T cells
Helper B cells: help activate B cells
Plasma cells: release antibodies to fight pathogens
Immune Disorders
Abscess
: Sac of pus, a mixture of dead cells and tissue, that is walled off
Severe combined ID (SCID)
: genetic defect with marked deficit in B and T cells
Hodgkin's disease
: acquired ID causes cancer of B cells which creates a depression of lymph nodes
Acquired ID syndrome (AIDS)
:
HIV
: cripples by interfering with Helper T cell activity
Hypersensitivities
: immune response to perceived harmless threat that causes tissue damage