Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Concept Map: Lymphatic/Immune System Angel Martinez Anat/Phys-P5-Franco -…
Concept Map: Lymphatic/Immune System Angel Martinez Anat/Phys-P5-Franco
Major functions of the Lymphatic & Immune systems
Major Functions of the Lymphatic System
dealing with cancer cells.
dealing with cell products that otherwise would result in disease or disorders
reacting to bacteria.
absorbing some of the fats in our diet from the intestine
managing the fluid levels in the body.
protecting your body from illness
Production of immune cells (such as lymphocytes, monocytes, and antibody producing cells called plasma cells).
Major Functions of the Immune System
To fight disease-causing changes in the body, such as cancer cells
Protects body from outside invaders
To recognize and neutralize harmful substances from the environment
To fight pathogens like bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi, and to remove them from the body,
Purpose and examples of First, Second and Third line of defense
Second Line of Defense
Inflammation
Function of inflammation is to stop the spread of pathogens
and infection
Characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain
A tissue response to injury or infection
Phagocytosis
Most active phagocytes are neutrophils and monocytes
Neutrophils engulf smaller particles; monocytes attack larger ones
Engulfment and digestion of pathogens
Natural Killer Cells
Small group of lymphocytes, other than T cells and B cells
Secrete substances that enhance inflammation
Defend the body against viruses and cancer cells
Fever
Occurs when body temperature rises higher than normal
Provides a hostile environment for pathogens
Results in elevated body temperature
Chemical Barriers
Chemicals that kill many pathogens
Enzymes, in the stomach and in tears,
destroy many pathogens
Interferons: when viruses or tumor cells are present, prevent
viral replication and slow tumor growth
Acidic environment in gastric juice is lethal to
some pathogens
Third Line
Humoral Immune Response
Antibodies travel through the body fluids to attack and destroy antigens
B Cells
Some of the B cells differentiate into plasma cells, which produce antibodies
B cell may become activated when it encounters an antigen
Cellular Immune Response (Cell-Mediated Immunity)
Response through cell-to-cell contact
T Cell
T cell activation requires an encounter with an antigen-presenting cell
T cells also synthesize and secrete cytokines
First Line of Defense
Level one of this system consists of mechanical barriers like your skin
Tears, sweat, saliva, hair, are also examples of mechanical barriers.
Prevent entry of pathogens by providing a physical separation
Antigens and antibodies
Antigens
Antigens are molecules capable of stimulating an immune response
An antigen is a disease agent (virus, toxin, bacterium parasite, fungus, chemical, etc)
Antigens can make you sick
Antigens are substances or toxins in your blood that trigger your body to fight them.
Antibodies
Antibody is a protein that binds to the antigen to allow our immune system to identify and deal with it.
Antibodies are how your body defends itself against antigens.
Main Types of Antibodies
IgA: These antibodies collect antigens and remove them from your body in your mucus or other body fluids
IgM: These are the first antibodies made by B cells in response to antigens.
IgG: These are the most abundant types of antibodies in your plasma
IgE: These antibodies trigger allergies and protect against parasites
IgD: These antibodies bind to B cells and signal them to release IgM antibodies.
They play a vital role in your body’s defense against illness and disease
Cells involved in the immune system and their functions
Neutrophil: Engulf smaller particles
Eosinophil
Natural Killer Cell:Defend the body against viruses and cancer cells
Monocyte: Attack large particles
T Cell:Help protect the body from infection and may help fight cancer
Cytotoxic T Cell: Recognizing and
eliminating cancer cells and virus-infected cells
Helper T Cell: stimulate B cells to produce antibodies
Memory T-Cell:provide a quick response to any future
exposure to the same antigen
Mast Cell
B Cell: B-cells are the type of cells that produce antibodies to fight bacteria and viruses
Memory B Cell: Remember the same pathogen for faster antibody production in future infections
Plasma Cell: Produce and
secrete antibodies
Basophil
Disorders associated with the Immune system
Innate(natural) immune defenses and Adaptive(acquired) immune defenses
Artificial vs. Naturally acquired immunity
Natural immunity
Occurs through contact with a disease causing agent, when the contact was not deliberate
Is acquired from exposure to the disease organism through infection with the actual disease.
Artificial immunity
Develops only through deliberate actions of exposure
is acquired through the introduction of a killed or weakened form of the disease organism through vaccination
Humoral response and cellular response
Passive vs. Active immunity
Passive Immunity
Passive immunity occurs when we are protected from a pathogen by immunity gained from someone else
Example: When an infant receives a mother's antibodies through the placenta or breast milk
Is protection from a disease provided by antibodies created outside of the body
Takes effect: Immediately
Length of efficacy: Short-Term
Active Immunity
Active immunity occurs when our own immune system is responsible for protecting us from a pathogen
Example: Direct infection Vaccination
Immunity to a pathogen that occurs following exposure to said pathogen.
Takes effect: Over time (Typically Several Weeks)
Length of efficacy: Long Term- Life Long
Location of Lymphatic organs and their functions
Peyer's Patches
Location: Throughout the small intestine
Function: Prevent the growth of pathogens in the intestines
Tonsils
Location: Throat
Function: They stop germs entering the body through the mouth or the nose
Bone Marrow
Location: Inside the bone
Function: Lymphocytes are produced in the marrow
Spleen
Location: Under Rib Cage
Function: Helps to fight off infections while also filtering damaged and old cells out of your bloodstream
Thymus
Location: In the chest, between the lungs and behind the breastbone (sternum)
Function:The thymus makes white blood cells called T Cells
Appendix
Location: Lower abdomen
Function: Assists with the maturation of B lymphocyte and in the production of the antibodies