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ELECTRICITY AND DIRECT CURRENT CIRCUITS. Laura Mateo Danna Silva :zap: -…
ELECTRICITY AND DIRECT CURRENT CIRCUITS. Laura Mateo Danna Silva :zap:
Electricity.Electrical energy :star2::
Electricity is a form of energy that lets electrons move from one atom to another. This is called
electric current
Electric current is the flow of electrons from one atom to another inside a conductive material.
Electrons cannot move spontaneousl; there has to be a component that causes this flow of electrons.That is the job of the power source.
Electrical energy is the most common form of energy.
Conductors and insulators
Conductor: materials that let electric current flow throught them.
Insulator: materials that don´t let electric current flow throught them.
Electrician´s tools are made out of an insulating material.
Electric circuits. Components.
Electric circuit is a series of interconnected componed that an electric current flows throught to produce an effect. Components in a elecric circuit: power sourcers, conductors, load devices and control devices.
Power sources:
components that supply the necessary electrical energy to the rest of the circuit.
Conductors:
components that transport the electrical energy from the power sources to the load devices
Load devices:
components that receive the electrical energy from the power sources and convert it to other types of useful energy.
Control devices:
they allow or prevent the flow of electric current throught the circuit.
Componentes of a circuit
Power sources
Cell:
supplies electical energy to the rest of the circuit. Cells have a posistive terminal and a negative terminal; this let them supply electic current to the circuit when they are connected.
Battery
:a grouped st of cells
Load devices
Lamp:
converts electrical energy to light energy
Motor
:coverts electrical enegy to kinetic energy.
Buzzer:
converts electrical energy to sound energy
Resistor:
a load device that opposes the flow of electric current. Converts electrical energy to heat energy.
Conductors
wire
:the component that the electric current flows through.
control devices
One -way switch
:open or close the circuit when they are pressed.one position opens the circuit;the other position closes the circuit.
Push switch
: open and close the circuit but only wile the button pushed.
Two way switch
:have two positions. When we press them, they change from one position to the other.
Open circuits, closed circuits. Short circuits.
Open circuits:
when the energy of the power sources cannot reach the load device, so th electric current cannot flow.
Closed circuit
:when the energy of the power source reaches the load devices,so the electric current flows.
Short circuits
:in an electric circuit, a short circuit occurs when the electric current is transported by the wire without passing through a load devices.
Types of circuits:series,parallel and series-parallel combination
Series circuits
:in this circuits, all the components are connected one after the other.This way,all the curren flows through all the load devices.There is only one possible path for the elctric current to flow through.
Parallel circuits
:in these cicuits,the load devices are
connected on different branches of the wire.There are several possible paths for the electric current to flow through
Series-parallel combination circuits
:These circuit contain devices connected in series and in parallel.
Converting electrical energy
Light
:We can convert elecricity to light through load devices such as incandescent lamps.
Heat
:When electrons move through a conductor or load device, they create friction with the material as they pass through,which produces heat:
joule effect
.
Motion
: we can also convert electricity to motion using a motor.
Sound
. we can use electrical energy to transmit sound through microphones and we can produce sound effects though sirene, buzzers and bells.
Enegy and the enviroment
Enviromental impact of energy production and transmission
: electrical energy is generated industrially in power stations, which convert a form of energy to electrical energy. Many power stations have an impact on our enviroment because they pollute.
Responsible use of electrical energy
: when we save energy, we save money too but more importantly, we save natural resources ans help to protect the enviroment.
