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ELECTRICITY aitana bombin and lucia aza, protons, :, conductor insulator,…
ELECTRICITY aitana bombin and lucia aza
CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS
INSULATORS
: Materials that do not let electric current flow through them
CONDUCTORS
: Materials that electric current flow through them
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
CONDUCTORS
:Transport the electrical energy
LOAD DEVICES
:receive the elelctrical energy
POWER SOURCES
: Supply the necessary electrical energy
CONTROL DEVICES
:regulate the circuit
TYPES OF CIRCUITS
PARALLEL CIRCUITS
: In these circuits, the load devices are connected on different branches of the wire
More electric current flows in the branch that offers the least resistance
Even if one of the load devices stops working, the rest continue to work because the electric current takes another path (the circuit is closed by another path
The current does not flow equally through all the load devices
The lamps will sine very brightly because the energy from the cell reaches them directly
SERIES-PARALLEL CIRCUITS
: These circuits contain devices connected in seies and in parallel
In this case the circuits have properties of both series circuits and parallel circuits
SERIES CIRCUITS
:In these circuits,all the components are connected one after the other
if one load devices stop working none of the will work because the circuit will be open
The lamps will not be very bright because the energy supiled by the cell is shared among all three
The same current flows through all the load devices
MAIN ELECTRIC VARIABLES
VOLTAGE
: This is the difference in the charge between two points (positive terminar and negative terminal), which makes the electrons move
RESISTANCE
: This is the opposition to the flow of the electric current
CURRENT
:This is the intensity of the current or the amount of electrons flowing through a conductor over a certain time
REPRESENTING CIRCUITS
: We represent electrical circuits with a very simple drawing called an electrical schematic. Every component in a circuit has a standardised symbol'
Simple ciruit with one-way swich and lamp
Simple circuit with one-way swich and buzzer
COMPONENTS OF A CIRCUIT
LOAD DEVICES
BUZZER
: Converts electrical energy to soud energy
MOTOR
: Converts electrical energy to kinetic energy
RESISTOR
: Converts electrical energy to heat energy
LAMP
: Converts electrical energy to light energy
POWER SOURCES
CELL
:Supplies electrical energy to te rest of the circuit
BATTERY
:A grouped set of cells
CONDUCTORS
WIRE
: The component that electric current flows through
CONTROL DEVICES
ONE-WAY SWITCH
:One-way switches open or close the circuit when they are pressed
PUSH SWITCH
:Push switches open and close the circuit but only while the button is pushed
TWO-WAY SWITCHED
:Two-way switches have two positions.when we press them ,they change from one position to the other
ELECTRICAL ENERGY
ELECTRICITY
: Is a form of energy that lets negatively charged particles (electrons) move from one atom to another
ELECTRIC CURRENT
:Is the flow of electrons from one atom to another inside a conductive material
ATOMS:
:Are made up of other particles
NEUTRONS
PROTONS
ELECTRONS
OPEN CIRCUITS AND CLOSED CIRCUITS
CLOSED
: A circuit is closed when the energy of the power source reaches the load device, so the electric current flows
On
the lamp is lit. The electric current flows and reaches the lamp to light it
OPEN
: A circuit is open when the energy of the power sorce cannot reach the load devices, so the electric current cannot flow
Off
the lamp is not lit. The electric current does not flow
CONVERTING ELECTRICAL ENERGY
HEAT
: When electrons move through a conductor or load device, they create friction with the material as they pass through, which produces heat
MOTION
: We can also convert electricity to motion using a motor
LIGHT
: We can convert electricity to light throught load devices such as incandescent lamps, fluorescent tubes and electronic or low-energy lamps
SOUND
: We can use electrical energy to transmit souds through microphones and we can produce sound effects through sirens, buzzers and bells
ENERGY AND THE ENVIROMENT
ENVIROMENT IMPACT OF ENERGY PRODUCTION AND TRANSMISSION
: Electrical energy is generate industrially in power stations, which convert a for of energy to electrical energy
RESPONSIBLE USE OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY (TIPS)
Use certain domestic appliances (like washing machines tumble dryers ,dishwashers,etc...) only when they are full
Always switch of electronic equipemet (televisions,hi-fis,video game consoles,computers,etc...)instead of leaving them in standby mode,which continues to consume energy
Replaceold electrical apliances with more efficient ones (that consume less energy) labelled ''class A
Replace incandescen bulbs with low energy bulbs
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