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Electricity and direct current circuits Manuel de Juan and Victoria…
Electricity and direct current circuits Manuel de Juan and Victoria Álvarez
ELECTRICITY. ELECTRICAL ENERGY
Whats electricity? Electricity is a form of energy that lets negatively charged particles (electrons) move from one atom to another.
Electric current is the flow of electrons from one atom to another inside a conductive matireal
Electrical energy is the most common form of enrgy because it is easy to obtain it can be transported over long distances and it can easily be transformed into many others forms of energy (like heat, sound, light and motion.
CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS.STATIC ELECTRICITY
A conductor it´s material that lets electric current flow trough it.
A insulator it´s a material that does not let electric current flow throught it.
What is static electricity? Static electricity is a phenomenon caused by the accumulation of charge in a material.
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS.COMPONENTS
An electric circuit is a series of interconnected components that an electric current flows through to produce an effect (like light, heat, sound or motion)
Conductor: Component that transports the electrical energy from the power sourcer to the load devices.
Load device: Component that recives the electrical energy from the power source and converts it to other types of usefull energy
Power source: Component that supplies electrical energy to the rest of the circuit.
Control devices: Device that regulartes the circuit allowing or preventing the flow of electrics current through the circuit.
COMPONENTS OF A CIRCUIT
Load devices:
Lamp: converts electrical energy to light energy
Buzzer: Converts electrical energy to sound energy
Resistor: A load device thatopposes the flow of the electric current.Converts electrical energy to heat energy
Motor: Converts electrical energy to kinetic energy
Power sources
Cell: supplises electrical energy to the restof the circuit
Battery: a grouped set of cells
Conductors
Wire: The component that the electric current flows through
CONTROL DEVICES
One-way switch: One-way switches open or close the circuit when they are pressed.
Push switch: Push switches open and close the circuit but only while the button is pushed.
Two-way switch: Two-way switches have two positions.
OPEN AND CLOSED CIRCUITS. SHORT CIRCUITS.
Open circuit
A circuit is open when the energy of the power source cannott rich the load devices.
Closed circuit
A circuit is closed when the energy off the power source reaches
the load devices.
Short circuits
In a electric circuit, a short circuit occurs when the electric current is transported by the wires without passing through a load device.
TYPES OF CIRCUIT
SERIES CIRCUIT
In these circuits all components are
connected one after the other.
PARALLEL CIRCUITS
In these circuit the load devices
are connected on different
branches of the wire
SERIES-PARLLEL CIMBINATION CIRCUITS
These circuits contain devices connected in series and in parallel.
MAIN ELECTRICAL VARIABLES. OHM´S LAW.
Current
Amount of electrons flowing through a conductor over a certain time.
Voltage
Difference in electrical energy between two points
Resistance
Opposition to the flow of the electric current
Ohm´s law
The equation of Ohm´s law, wich states: ``THE CURRENT IN A CIRCUIT IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE ELECTRIC POTENTIAL DIFFERENT IMPRESSED ACROSS ITS ENDS AND INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL TO THE TOTAL RESISTANCE OFFERED BY THE EXTERNAL CIRCUIT´´
CONVERTING ELECTRICAL ENERGY
Light
We convert electricity to light
Heat
When electrons move thought a conductor or load device they create friction with the material as they pass thought, which effect is konw as the jouleb effect
Motion
We can also convert electricity to motion using a motor
Sound
We can use electrical energy to transmit sounds throught microphones and we can produce sound effects throught sirens, buzzers and bells
ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Environment impact
Effects that the useof energyhas on the environment
