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Electricity and direct current circuits Jessa Rhian …
Electricity and direct current circuits Jessa Rhian and Julia Ceballos
Electricity. Electrical energy.
Electricity is a form of energy that lets a negatively charged particles (electrons) move from one atom to another. Electric current is the flow of electrons from one atom to another inside a conductive material .
Electrons cannot move spontaenously there has to be a component that causes this flow of electrons .
Electrical energy is the most commonform of energy because it is easy to obtain , it can be transported over long distances and it can is easly be transformed into many other forms of energy.
Conductors and insulators. Static electricity
Materials that let electric current flow through them are called conductors.
Material that do not let electric current flow throught them are called insulators.
Its a phenomenon caused by the accumulation of charge in a material. Its related to moving charges.
Electric circuits. Components.
An electric circuit is a series of interconnected components that an electric current flows through to produce an effect (like light, heat, sound or motion).
Power sources: Components that supply the necessary electrical energy to the rest of the circuit in order to move the elctrons. The generators of direct current in a circuit are cells and batteries.
Conductors: Components that transport the electrical energy from the power sources to the load devices; in other words, the electric current flows throughthese components. The conductive components of a circuit are the wires.
Load devices:Components that recive the electrical energy from the power sources and and convert it to other types of useful energy. Examples of load devices in circuits are: motors, lamps, buzzers and resistors.
Control devices: Device that regulates the circuit, they prevent the flow of electric current throught the circuit. The main types of control devices are: one-way switches, push switches and two-way switches.
Types of circuits
Series circuits
In these circuits all the components are connected to one after the other. This way all the current flows through all the load devices.
Paralel circuits
In these circuits the load devices are connected on different branches of the wire. There are several possible parts for the electric current to flow trough.
Components of a circuit
Power sources
Cell and Battery : These two elements splies elemental energy to the rest of the circuit
Load devices
Motor converts electrical energy to kinetic energy.
Buzzer converts electrical energy to sound energy.
Lamp converts electrical energy to current energy.
Resistor converts electrical energy to heat energy.
Conductors
Wire: The component that electric current flows through
Control devices
One way switch
Push switch
Two-way switch
Open circuts and closed circuits
A circuit is opened when the energy of the power sources cannot reach the load devices so the electric current cannot flow.
A circuit is closed when the energy of the power source reach the load devices so the electric current flows.
Converting elecrical energy
Sound
We can use electrical energy to transmit sounds through microphones and we can make sound effects through sirens, buzzers and bells. Ex: buzzer
Motor
We can also convert electricity to motion using a motor, the effect obtained when we make an electric current flow through a motor is that shaft turns in a rotary motor. Ex: motor.
Heat
When the electrons flow through a conductor or load device they create friction with the material as they pass through which produces heat. This effect is known as the whole Joule effect. Ex: Resistor
Light
We convert electricity to light through load devices. Ex: Lamp
Energy and the enviroment
Enviromental impact of energy production and transmission
Electrical energy is industrially in power stations whch convert a form of energy to electrical energy.
