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Deconstruct and Design: How can titrations be used to investigate the…
Deconstruct and Design:
How can titrations be used to investigate the acidity of soft drinks?
Titration
A process in which a known concentration of a substance is added to an unknown concentration of a substance with which it reacts, until exact chemical equivalence is achieved.
The substances used in any titration would be always an acid and a base. Within this experiment, the concentration of acid will be unknown while the concentration of base will be known
Acids used in common soft drinks include carbonic acid, citric acid and phosphoric acid.
Citric acid
The products made through the titration of citric acid and sodium hydroxide will be water and sodium citrate
Carbonic acid
The products made through the titration of sodium hydroxide and carbonic acid will be water and sodium carbonate
Phosphoric acid
The products made through the titration of phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide will be water and sodium phosphate
Materials for titration
1x Burette
1x Volumetric pipette
1x Funnel
0.1M Sodium hydroxide
Soft drinks
Indicator
5x 250mL conical flasks
1x 500mL beaker
Retort stand and clamp
Soft drinks
All soft drinks include one or more of the following acids; carbonic acid, citric acid, and/or phosphoric acid. Other soft drinks may also use smaller amounts of less common acids to add more unique flavors.
an acid that can be found in majority of soft drinks is carbonic acid, which is the cause of the characteristic fizz of the drink when opened and drunk
Ingredients In Schweppes Lemonade (Coca Cola Ireland)
Flavorings
Acidity regulator (sodium citrate)
Citric acid
Sweeteners (aspartame, sodium saccharin)
Lemon juice concentrate
Preservative (potassium sorbate)
Sugar
Antioxidant (ascorbic acid)
Carbonated water
Experiment variables
Dependent
Amount of base used (sodium hydroxide)
Independent
The soft drink used
Controlled
Amount of soft drink used
Concentration of the base
Have a controlled component of the prac using carbonated water
Uncontrollable
Temperature of the room
The possible addition of minerals from can or bottle
Reactions between the sodium hydroxide and the different acids in the drink
The possible addition of extra CO2 entering the solution, affecting acidity of drink
Potential Investigation Ideas
Titrating a fizzy lemonade and a non fizzy lemon juice, finding out the amount of citric acid in the lemonades and how much this and carbonic acid affects the overall pH of the drink
Titrating coke and diet coke, finding out if there is an effect on pH depending on the sugar content in the drinks
Factors that can affect the acidity of a soft drink
Sugar content
Whether there are different types of acid added into the drink
The amount of different acids in the drink, affecting the overall pH of the solution