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Immune System Yoselin Orozco Madrigal Period 6 Honors Anatomy - Coggle…
Immune System Yoselin Orozco Madrigal Period 6 Honors Anatomy
Humoral response & Cellular response:
Humoral Response / Immunity:
antibodies produced by lymphocytes that circulate freely in body fluids. Also bind temporarily to target cells. B cells encounter target antigens
Cellular Response / Immunity:
Lymphocytes act against target cells directly killing infected cells and indirectly by releasing chemicals to support inflammation
Purpose & examples of First, Second & Third line of defense:
Second line:
antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes & other cells that inhibit spread of invaders. Invades deeper organism like phagocytes, natural killer cells with an inflammatory response.
Third line:
attacks particular foreign substances but takes longer to react
First line:
external body membranes (skin & mucosae) skin & mucosae produce protective chemicals that destroys / inhibits microorganisms
Cells involved with Immune System & Functions:
Natural Killer Cells (NK):
a virus killer due to lymphocyte secreting potent chemicals. Can kill cancer and had potent chemicals that can cause inflammatory responses
Phagocytes:
Neutrophils
: most abundant phagocyte that die fighting
Macrophages:
developed from monocytes and is most flexible ( able to do lost of things)
Phagocytes
: white blood cell that ingests & digests foreign invaders
Antigens:
provoke an immune response targeting all adaptive immune responses
Self - Antigen:
cells covered with proteins that are non antigenic
Antigen presenting cells:
Macrophages:
triggers powerful inflammatory responses and activates T cells
B cells:
assists their own activation
Dendrite cells:
most effective antigen and is used for boundary tissues
Cytotoxic T cells:
destroy foreign antigens and send chemical messages for immune system
Helper T cells:
can activate B cells and macrophages. Activate both humoral & cellular responses along with T & B cells
Regulatory T cells:
moderate immune response by preventing autoimmune responses
Memory T cells:
Allow for recognition of diseases
Active & Passive Immunity:
Active Humoral Immunity:
B cells produce specific antibodies against them. Makes antigens
Passive Humoral Immunity:
protection ends when antibodies degrade. Memory does not occur. Passive gives antigens
Antigens & Antibodies:
Antibodies:
proteins from plasma cells that bind to antigen from B cell. Antibodies prepare for destruction of a disease but they do not destroy antigens. Antibodies activate mechanisms that destroy virus
Antigens:
provoke immune responses that target all adaptive immune responses
Innate (natural) immune defenses & Adaptive (acquired) immune defenses:
Innate:
contributes first & second lines of defense, releases proteins that alert cells of adaptive system to foreign molecules. Defense to stop attack by pathogens.
Adaptive:
specific defense system that eliminates almost any antigen & abnormal cell in body
Specific:
recognizes & targets specific antigens
Systemic:
not restricted
Memory:
provides a stronger attack if disease / infection re appears again
Major Functions of Lymphatic & Immune System:
Lymphatic System:
responsible for recognizing a specific antigen taking a 2-3 day process to mature in lymphoid organs
Immune System:
Provides resistance to diseases made of of two systems called innate and adaptive defense systems
Artificially vs. Naturally Acquired Immunity:
In Active:
Naturally Acquired:
formed in response to bacteria & infections
Artificially Acquired:
formed in response to pathogens
In Passive:
Naturally Acquired:
antibodies delivered to fetus via moms breasts
Artificially Acquired:
protection ends when antibodies degrade in body
Disorders associated with Immune System:
Inflammation:
is triggered whenever body tissues are injured this may be due to trauma, heat, irritating chemicals and infections. Vital signs may be redness, heat, swelling and pain
Pus:
creamy yellow mixture of dead neutrophils, tissues/cells and living/ dead pathogens
Hopkins Disease:
immunodeficiency that causes cancer B cells to depress lymph nodes
HIV:
interferes with activity of helper T cells and is transmitted by body fluids like saliva, blood and semen. Destroys Th cells depressing immunity
Rhematoid arthritis
: destroys joints
Multiple Sclerosis:
destroys white matter myelin
Gravis disease:
causes hyperthyroidsm
Type 1 diabetes:
destroys pancreas cells
Myashenia gravis:
impairs nurve muscle connection
Glomeruloneohritis:
damages kidneys
SLE:
affects multiple organs
Location of Lymphatic Organs & their functions:
Secondary Lymphoid Organs:
Apendix:
has lymphoid tissue that can destroy bacteria before reaching intestine
Peyer's Patches:
monitors intestinal bacteria preventing the growth of pathogen bacteria
Spleen:
cleanses blood & removes aged or defect red blood cells
Tonsils
: help fight infections throughout the throat and are located behind it.
Lymph Nodes:
cleanse lymph and is a site for lymphocyte activation & proliferation
Primary Lymphoid Organs:
Thymus:
Cite of T cell maturation located in the throat
Red Bone Marrow:
Located in the arm and it produces T & B cells