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Electricity and dirent current circuits : - Coggle Diagram
Electricity and dirent current circuits
:
Electrical energy
Electric current
is the flow of electrons from one atom to another inside a conductive material.
Electrical energy
is the most common energy. It can be transporterd over long dinstances.
Electricity
is a form of energy that lets negativly charged particles move from one atom to another.
this is an
atom
Conductors and insulators
Conductors
:thet let electric current flow throw them.
Insulators
: they do not let electric current flow trough them.
Electric circuits
An
electric circuit
is a series of interconnected components that an electric current flows through to produce an effect.
Components
Conductors:
components that transport the electrical energy from the power sources to the load devices.
Wire:
the component that the electric current flows through
.
Load devices:
components that receive the electrical energy from the power sources and convert it to other types of useful energy.
Lamp:
converts electrical energy to light energy.
Motor:
converts electrical energy to kinetic energy.
Buzzer
: converts electrical energy to sound energy.
Resistor: a load device that opposes the flow of the electric current.
Power sources:
components that supply the necesary electrical energy to the rest of the circuit in order to move the electrons.
Cell
: supplies electrical energy to the rest of the circuit.
Battery
: a gruoped set of cells
.
Control devices:
devices that regulate the circuit.
One way switch:
one way switches open or close the circuit when they are pressed.
Push switch
: open and close the circuit but only while the button is pushed.
Two-way switch:
have two positions, we change from one position to other.
Shorts citcuits
Open circuit: is when the energy of the power source cannot reach the load devices,so the electric current cannot flow.
Closed circuit: is when the energy of the power sources reaches the load devices, so the electric current flows.
Is when the electric current is transported by the wires without passing thtough load devices.
Types of circuits:
Series circuit: all the components are connected one after the other.
Parallel circuits: the load devices are connected on different branches of the wire.
Series-parallel combination circuits: this circuits contain devices connected in series and in parallel.
Main electric variables
Current: is the intensity of the current or the amount of electrons flowing through a conductor over a certain time.
Symbol:
I
Unit: Ampere
Symbolo of the unit: A
Voltage: is the differens in the charge between two points, whicth makes the electrons move.
Unit: volt
Symbol of the unit: V
Symbol:
V
Resistence. is the opposition to the flow of the electric current.
Symbol:
R
Unit: ohm
Symbol of the unit.
Ohm's law: the current in a circuit is directly proportonial to the electric potential differents impressed across its ends and inversely proportional to the total resistence offered by the external circuit.
Converting electrical energy
Light: we can convert electricity to light trough load devices such as incandescent lamps, fluorescent tubes and electronic or low-energy lamps.
Heat. when electrons move through a conductor or low device, they create friction with the material as they pass.
Motion: we can also convert electricity to motion using a motor.
Sound: we can use electrical energy to transmit sounds through microphones and we can produce sound effects sirens, buzzers and bells.
