Electricity and direct current circuits
Electricity
Energy and the enviroment
Conductors and insulators
Electricity and electrical energy
Converting electrical energy
Circuits
Electric circuits and their components
Types of circuits
Short, open and closed circuits
Atoms
Electricity and electric currents
Definition : Very small particles that are formed from even smaller ones.
Components of an atom
Electrons: Negative charge
Protons: Postitive charge
Neutrons: Neutral charge
Electricity: Form of energy that lets negatively charged particles move between atoms
Electric current: Flow of electrons between atoms inside a conductive material
Electrical energy: Most common form of energy, easy to obtain. Can be transformed easily
Conductors: Let electric current flow through them
Insulators: Don`t let electricity flow through them
Definition: Interconnected components that an electric current flows through to produce an effect
Components
Power sources: Components that supply the necessary electrical energy to the rest of the circuit. Cells and batteries
Conductors: Transport electrical energy to the load devices.
Control devices: Regulate the circuit, allow and prevent the flow through the circuit
Cell: Supplies energy to the rest of the circuit, have positive and negative terminals 
Battery: A grouped set of cells 
Wire: Component that the electric current flows through 
Load devices: Receive elctrical enegy and convert it
Lamp: Converts electrical energy to light energy 
Motor: Converts electrical energy to kinetic energy 
Buzzer:Converts electrical energy to sound energy 
Resistor: Converts electrical energy to heat energy 
One-way switch: Opens or closes the circuit when pressed 
Push switch: Switches open and close but only while the button is pushed, they can be normal (NO) or normally closed (NC) 
Two-way switch: Two possitions, when pressed they change possitions 
Open circuits: The energy and power cannot reach the load devices, and the current doesn't flow
Closed circuits: The energy of the power source reaches the load devices, the current flows
Short circuits: The electric current is transported without passing through a load device
Series circuits: All the components are connected one after the other, there`s only one possible path 
Parallel circuits: The load devices are connected on different branches of wire, several paths 
Series-parallel circuits: Contain devices connected in series and in parallels 
Light: Electricity can be converted to light throough load devices
Heat: Electrons move through a conductor or load device and they create friction with it. This effect is the Joule effect , we sometimes want the effect and sometimes its an energy loss
Motion: Electricity can convert to motion using a motor. Its shaft turns in a rotary motion.
Sound: Sound and sound effects can be transmited with electricity. It is produced by vibrations in a membrane caused by electrical energy
Enviromental impact of energy production and transmission
Responsible use of electrical energy
Many power stations (used to convert electrical energy) have an impact on our enviroment because they:
Pollute: The atmosphere and water
Add to the greenhouse effect
To solve this we can use renewable energy
Saving energy: We also save money, and natural resources. We help the enviroment.
Tips on responsible energy and saving energy:
Replace incandescent bulbs with low energy bulbs
Replace old electrical appliances with more efficient ones labeled as Class A
Switch off electrical equipment when not used
Use certain domestic appliances only when they are full