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Electricity and direct current circuits. - Coggle Diagram
Electricity and direct current circuits.
Electricity. Electrical energy
Atoms
Neutrons
Electrons
Protons
Electricity
is a form of energy that lets negatively charged particles (Electrons) move from one atom from another.
Electricity
current is the flow of electrons from one atom to another inside a conductive material.
Electrical energy
is the most common energy because it is easy to obtain it can travel distances and it can be transformed in other energies.
Electric circuits components.
Electric circuits is a series of interconected components that an electric current flows through to produce and effect:
Power sources supply the necessary electrical energy to the circuit, to move electrons. The generators of the current in a circuit are cells and batteries.
Conductors transport the electrical energy from the power sources to low device. The conductive components of a circuit are the wires.
Control devices regulate the circuit, they allow or prevent the flow of electric current. Main types are one-way switches push switches and two-ways switches.
Load devices recieve the electrical energy and convert it into types of energy.
Conductors and insulators.
Conductors are materials that electric current flow through them.
Insulators are materials that do not flow electric currents through them.
Representing circuits; eletrical schematics.
We represent circuits by a drawing called electrical schematic. Every component has an standardise symbol.
Load devices
Lamp: converts electrical energy to light energy.
Motor: converts electrical energy to kinetic energy.
Buzzer: converts electrical to sound energy.
Resistor a load device that opposes the flow of the electric current. Converts electrical energy to heat energy..
:
Power sources
Cell: Supplies electrical energy to the rest of the circuit. They supply electric current when they are connected.
Battery: a grouped set of cells.
Control devices
One way switch: open or close the circuit when they are pressed. One position opens the circuit and stops the electric current from flowing through it; the other position closes the circuit and lets the current pass.
Two-way switch: have two positions. When we press it they change their positions. They are also called change-over switches
Push-Switch: Open and close the switches only when the button is pressed NO switches can also be called push-to-make and NC switches can be called push-to-break switches.
Conductors
Wire: the component that the electric current flows through.
Open circuits and closed circuits. Short circuits
A circuit is opened whe the energy cannot reach the low devices so the electric current cannot flow. A circuit is closed when the energy of the power sour reaches the low devices so the electric current flows
Open circuit.
Closed circuit.
Short circuits: in a electric circ uit occurs when the electric current is transported by the wires without passing through a load device. To detect a short circuit we need to remember that electrons always take the easiest path; In other words
Types of circuits: series, parallel and series-parallel combination.
Series of circuits: in these circuits the components are all connected to each other.There is only one path. The same current flows, if one stop working the others will not work too and there are not very bright because there are not too much power.
Parallel circuits: the load devices are connected with many branches. They have different currents, that they offer less resistance, if one load device stop working the others will work and the lamps will shine very bright because the energy reaches directly.
Series-parallel combination circuits: contain devices in series and in parallel.
There are three main electricity variables:
Current: it intensity is the umber of electrons flowing through a conductor over a certain time. Unit of measurement-Ampere or amp
Current-IAmpere-A-milliampere-kiloampere
Voltage: is the diffenrence charge of two points, wich makes the electrons move. If we conect a cell to a circuit we force the electrons to move. Unit of measurement-volt.
Voltage-V-Volt-V-millivolt-kilovolt
Resistance: the opposition of theflow of the elctric current. Unit of measurement-ohm.
Resistance-R-Ohm-O-milliohm-kilovolt
Ohm´s law
Is an equation that consists: the current in a circuits directly proportional to the electrical potential difference impressed across its ends and inversely proportional to the total resistance offered by the external circuit.
Converting electrical energy.
Energy can be converted into light, heat, motion and sound.
Sound: we can use electricity to transmit sounds. The sound comes from a loudspeaker that produces vibrtions.
Buzzer. convert energy to sound energy.
Light: can convert it by incandescent lamps fluorescent tubes and electronic or low energy lamps.
Lamp converts energy to light energy..
Motion: we can convert it to motion by using a motor. The effect create a electric current through the motor that shaft turns in rotary motion. This type is used in washing machines and drills.
Motor: convert energy to kinectic.
Heat: they do by creating friction with the material as they pass through, this is called Joule effect.
Resistor convert energy to heat energy.
Energy and enviroment: if we use electricity, can produce an impact that can be global.
Enviromental impact of energy production and transmission: Electrical energy is generated in power stations that convert energy to electrical energy. Many of them are dangerous and others
are safe because they use renewable energies.
Responsible use of electrical energy: when we save energy, we save money and we help our planet too.
Here is a few tips:
Replace incandencents bulbs with low energy bulbs.
Replace appliances with efficients ones labelled ''class A''.
Use domestic appliances when they are full.
Always switch off electronic equipment when they are in standby mode.
