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ELECTRICITY AND DIRECT CURRENT CIRCUITS - Coggle Diagram
ELECTRICITY AND DIRECT CURRENT CIRCUITS
ELECTRICITY. ELECTRICAL ENERGY
Electricity
is a form of energy that lets negatively charged particles (electrons) move from one atom to another.
Electricity current
is the flow of electrons from one atom to another inside a conductive material.
CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS
Materials that let electric current flow through them are called
conductors.
Materials that don't let electric current flow through them are called
insulators.
Wires
are made from copper but have a plastic casing to protect us from the electric current and ensure that it is not diverted.
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS. COMPONENTS
An
electric circuit
is a series of interconnected components that an electric current flow through to produce an effect (like light, heat, sound or motion).
Load devices
Receive the electrical energy.
Conductors
Transport the electrical energy.
Control devices
Regulate the circuit.
Power sources
Supply the necessary electrical energy.
OPEN CIRCUITS AND CLOSED CIRCUITS. SHORT CIRCUITS
Closed circuit
When the energy of the power source
reaches
the load devices, so the electric.
Open circuit
When the energy of the power source
cannot
reach the load devices, so the electric current cannot flow. This can happen if the switch is open, but it can also be because of a fault in the circuit.
TYPES OF CIRCUITS: SERIES, PARALLEL AND SERIES-PARALLEL COMBINATION
Parallel circuits
Even if one of the load devices stops working, the rest continue to work because the electric current takes another path (the circuit is closed by another path)
More electric current flows in te branch that offer the least resistance.
The lamps will shine very brightly because the energy from the cell reaches them directly.
The current doesn't flow equally through all the load devices; instead, it is shared by all the possible paths.
Series circuits
The same current flows through all the load devices.
If one load device stops working, none of them will work because the circuit will be open. This happens when one of the load devices fails or is not connected to the circuit properly.
The lamps will not be very bright because the nergy supiled by the cell is shared among all three.
COMPONENTS OF A CIRCUITS
Conductors
Wire:
The component that the electric current flows through.
Load Devices
Buzzer:
Converts energy to sound energy.
Motor:
Converts electrical energy to kinetic energy.
Lamp:
Converts electrical energy to light energy.
Resistor:
A load device that opposes the flow of the electric current. Converts electrical energy to heat energy.
Control Devices
Two-way switch:
Have two positions. When we press them, they change from one position to the other.
Push switch:
They open and close the circuit but only while the buttonis pushed
One-way switch:
They open or close the circuit when they are pressed.
Power Sources
Battery:
A grouped set of cells.
Cell:
Supplies electrical energy to the rest of the circuit.
CONVERTING ELECTRICAL ENERGY
Heat:
When electrons move through a conductor or load device, they create friction with the material as they pass through, which producs heat. This effect is known as the
Joule effect.
Motion:
We can also convert electricity to motion using a motor. The effect obtained when we make an electric current flow through a motor is that its shaft turns in a rotary motion.
Light:
We can convert electricity to light through load devices such as incandescent lamps, fluorescent tubes and electronic or low-energy lamps.
Sound:
We can electrical energy to transmit sounds through microphones and we can produces sound effects through sirens, buzzers and bells.
ENERGY AND THE ENVIROMENT
Enviromental impact of energy production and transmission
The use of
renewable energies
is being promoted as a green alternative to conventional power stations
Responsible use of electrical energy
Use certain domestic appliances
only when they are full
.
Switch off
electronic equipment.
Consume less energy
.
Replace incandecent bulbs with
low energy bulbs
.
