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Lymphatic/Immune System-Alexis Gutierrez - Coggle Diagram
Lymphatic/Immune System-Alexis Gutierrez
Major Functions of the Lymphatic & Immune Systems (include BOTH)
Lymphatic
Vessels carry away excess tissue fluid,
eventually returning it to blood
Nodes help defend body against disease
Immune System
Defend against pathogens(disease-causing agents)
Location of Lymphatic
Organs & their Functions
Primary Lymphoid organs
Thymus- site of T cell formation
part of bone organs* Red bone marrow
Secondary Lymphoid organs
Tonsils- in mouth
Spleen- CLEANSES blood & REMOVES aged or defective re blood cells, site for lymphatic activation & proliferation, stores platelets, monocytes, & iron
Peyer's Patches- PREVENT pathogens from PENETRATING mucous membrane, site for lymphatic activation & proliferation
Appendix- end of large intestine
Purpose & Examples of First,
Second & Third Line of Defense
First line defense
Mechanical barriers- skin, mucous membrane
Second line defense
Chemical barriers, natrual killer cells, inflammation, phagocytes, fever
Third line denfense
Cellular immune response, Humoral immune response
Innate(natural) Immune Defenses & Adaptive(acquired) Immune Defenses
Innate Immune
Defense(born ready, baby!)
These cells are able to immediately act on pathogens
DO NOT REQUIRE activation
RESPOND QUICKLY
guard against MANY types of pathogens
Include species resistance, MECHANICAL barriers, CHEMICAL barriers, natural killer
cells, INFLAMMATION, phagocytosis, and FEVER
FIRST LINE DEFENSE & SECOND LINE DEFENSE
Adaptive Immune Defense(Im,
always ready to learn + remember)
REQUIRE activation
specialized lymphocytes, which secrete cytokines or antibodies
only SPECIFIC types of pathogens
RESPOND SLOWLY
THIRD LINE DENFENSE
CELLULAR immune respose
HUMORAL immune response
Humoral Response &
Cellular Response
Humoral response
B CELL may become ACTIVATED & produce a CLONE of cells when it encounters an ANTIGEN that matches its receptors
MOST B cells NEED HELPER T CELLS for activation
Cellular response
CELL-TO-CELL contact
secrete CYTOKINES
Helper T cells, Cytotoxic T cells, Memory T cells
Antigens and Antibodies
Antigens- other foreign substamce
Antibodies(immunoglobulins)- travel through the body fluids to attack and destroy antigens
Direct attack- agglutination, precipitation, or neutralization of antigens; these methods make antigens more susceptible to phagocytosis
Activation of complement- opsonization, chemotaxis, inflammation, agglutination, neutralization, alteration, or lysis of antigens or antigen-bearing cells
Inflammation- that helps prevent the spread of the pathogens
(IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD)
Artificial vs. Naturally
Acquired Immunity
Artificially
Active
use of vaccines; contain weakened
or dead pathogens, person develops
LONG-TERM immunity, includes B cell formation
Passive
injection of gamma globulins containing
antibodies or antiserum; this is SHORT-TERM,
no antigen exposure, no immune response, and no memory B
cells produced
Naturally
Active
exposure to the antigen;
LONG-TERM resistance
(memory B cells are produced)
Passive
antibodies are passed
from mother to fetus;
this is SHORT-TERM immunity,
Passive vs. Active Immunity
Passive
receiving antibodies; no antigen contact & no immune response occurs, no memory B cells are produced; this is SHORT-TERM immunity
Active
antigen exposure; immune
response occurs in the person
antibodies & memory B cells are produced;
this is LONG-LASTING immunity
Cells Involved in the Immune
System and their Functions
Pathogens- intruder/virus
Neutrophils- engulf smaller particles
Macrophages- surrounds/ kills microorganisms
Monocytes- attack larger particles
Complement- protein network of plasma
Dendrict cell- shows antigens on its serface
Natural killer cell- control microbial infections by limiting spread
Eosinophil- trapping substance, modulating inflammatory repairs
Basophils- help detect & destroy early cancer cells
Mast cell- contain histamine, heparin, cytokines
Virgin killer T cell- kill certain cells
Memory killer T cell- persist after previously respond to antigenic
Killer T cell- kill certain cells, including foreign cell
Virgin helper T cell- cells devide
Helper T cell- help activate B cell, secrete antibodies, help cytotoxic T cell
Memory helper T cell- mediate faster & more potent response
Virgin B cell- indicating two phase of B cell
B cell- produce antibodies to fight
Memory B cell- memorize characteristics of antigen
Antibodies- recognize & latch on to antigens in order to remove them from the body
Disorders Associated
with the Immune System
Hypersensitivity
reactions
Immediate-reaction hypersensitivity (allergy): cause mucus production, vasodilation, and bronchoconstriction, resulting in an inflammatory response
Antibody-dependent cytotoxic reactions: a transfusion reaction to mismatched blood
Delayed-reaction hypersensitivity: Results from repeated exposure of skin to certain substances