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Immune System Celine Cercado p.2 - Coggle Diagram
Immune System Celine Cercado p.2
Major functions of the Lymphatic & Immune systems (include BOTH)
Lymphatic system
second circulatory system
collect and carry away excess tissues fluid eventually returning it to the blood
Location of Lymphatic organs and their functions
Lymph Nodes
occurs in changes along the parts of larger lymphatic vessels
aren't found in central nervous system
Major areas of concentration; cervical, thoracic, axillary, superatrochlear, abdominal, pelvic & inguinal regions
Filter lymph 7 remove bacteria & cellular debris before lymph is returned to blood.
Thymus
shrinks in size during lifetime
large in children, small in adults, replaced by adipose & connective tissue in elderly
Spleen
upper abdominal cavity
filters blood & removes damaged blood cells & bacteria
Purpose and examples of First, Second and Third line of defense
first line of defense
Mechanical Barriers
prevent entry of certain pathogens
provides physical separtation of pathogens & internal tissues
Examples: unbroken skin & mucous membranes of body
Second Line of defense
Chemical barriers
Acidic environment
Natural killer cells
Inflammation
redness, swelling, heat & pain
Phagocytes
Fever
Innate(natural) immune defenses and Adaptive(acquired) immune defenses
Innate
guard against many types of pathogens
responds quickly
species resitancte; mechanical barriers, chemical barries, natural killer cells, infalmammation, phagocytosis, and fever
different chemical enviorments
body temp doesn't provide conditions required by pathogens
presence or absense of receptor for a particular typer of pathogen
Adaptive
Responds against only a specific type of pathogen
response more slowly
Accomplished by specialized lymphocytes
secrete cytokines or antibodies
third line of defense
performed by lymphocytes & macrophages
includes cellular immune and humoral immune response
Humoral response and cellular response
Cellular response
Cell- Mediated immunity
response through cell to cell contact
Activated T cells interact directly with antigen-bearing cells
Humoral Immune Response
Antibodies travel through the body fluids to attack and destroy antigens
Antigens and antibodies
Antigens
Can be any large molecules
can trigger an immune response
before birth, body makes inventory of "self' antigens
Antibodies
5 major types of antibodies
IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD,IgE
Immunoglobulins
Direct Attack
make antigens more susceptible to phagocytes
Activation of Complement
opsonization, chemotaxis, inflammation, agglutination, neutralization, alteration,lysis of antigen, antigen-bearing cells.
Inflammation
changes in area, helps prevent spread of pathogens
Artificial vs. Naturally acquired immunity
Artificially
Active
occures through vaccines without person becoming ill from disease
person develops long-term immunity
immune response includes B cell formation
Passive
Involves injection of gamma globulins
contains antibodies or antiserum
short-term
no antigen exposure, no immune response and no memory B cells produced.
Naturally
Active
Occures after exposure to antigen
long term resistance
events of a primary immune response
Memory B cells produced
Passive
occurs as antibodies are passed from mother to fetus
short term immunity
lack of immune reponse
lack of memory B cells formation
Passive vs. Active immunity
Active
abstained through antigen exposure
immune response occurs in person
Antibodies and memory B cells are produced
long lasting immunity
Passive
obtained by receiving antibodies
no antigen contact and no immune response occurs
no memory B cells are produced
short-term immunity
Cells involved in the immune system and their functions
Natural Killer cells
defends body against virus and cancer cells
secrete substances that enhance inflammation
T cells
recognize & bind to antigens fragments that match
activated cells interact directly with antigen-bearing cells
Synthesize & secrete cytokines
Helper T cells
Stimulates B cells to produce antibodies against displayed antigens
Cytotoxic T cells
Monitors body cells
Recognize & eliminate cancer cells & virus-infected cells
Memory T cells
provide quick response
divides to produce larger number of cytotoxic T cells
B cells
Most need helper T cells
cytokines activate B cells and stimulates it proliferate
Some differentiate into plasma cells
produce & secrete antibodies
other B cells become memory cells
Memory cells
Are B cells before
remain dormant at times
responds to future encounters with antigens
Disorders associated with the Immune system
Autoimmune disorders
Immune manufacturers antibodies and cytotoxic T cells, against some of its own anitgens
Autoanitbodies damages bodies tissues
may result from viral infecrion, faulty T cell development, or reaction to a non self antigen that closely resembles a self antigen