Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Immune System- Guangyuan Pan Period 2 - Coggle Diagram
Immune System- Guangyuan Pan Period 2
Artificial vs. Naturally acquired immunity
Artificial
An introduction of antibodies into the human bodies
Natural
immediately prevent the spread and movement of foreign
pathogens throughout the body
Cells involved in the immune system and their functions
NK cells
control several types of tumors and microbial infections by limiting their spread and subsequent tissue damage.patrol the organism for signs of microbial infections
Neutrophils
patrol the organism for signs of microbial infections.
B-cells
produce antibodies to fight bacteria and viruses.
Monocytes
surround and kill microorganisms, ingest foreign material,
remove dead cells, and boost immune responses.
T-cells
directly killing infected host cells, activating other immune cells,
producing cytokines and regulating the immune response.
Location of Lymphatic organs and their functions
Tonsils
Organs trap pathogens from the food you eat and the air you breathe. They are your body’s first line of defense against foreign invaders.
Bone marrow
This is the soft, spongy tissue in the center of certain bones, such as the hip bone and breastbone. White blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets are made in the bone marrow.
Thymus
This organ is located in the upper chest beneath the breast bone. It matures a specific type of white blood cell that fights off foreign organisms.
Peyer's patches
These are small masses of lymphatic tissue in the mucous membrane that lines your small intestine. These lymphoid cells monitor and destroy bacteria in the intestines.
Spleen
This largest lymphatic organ is located on your left side under your ribs and above your stomach. The spleen filters and stores blood and produces white blood cells that fight infection or disease
Appendix
Your appendix contains lymphoid tissue that can destroy bacteria before it breaches the intestine wall during absorption. Scientists also believe the appendix plays a role in housing “good bacteria” and repopulating our gut with good bacteria after an infection has cleared
Passive vs. Active immunity
Passive Immunity
Obtained by receiving antibodies
No memory B cells are produced
Since there is no antigen contact and no immune response occurs
This is short-term immunity
Active immunity
Obtain through antigen exposure
An immune response occurs in the person
Antibodies and
memory B cells are produced
This is long-lasting immunity
Humoral response and cellular response
Humoral
antibodies produced by B cells cause the destruction of extracellular microorganisms and prevent the spread of intracellular infections.
Cellular
the end of the line for a signal brought to the target cell by a
signaling molecule
Innate(natural) immune defenses and Adaptive(acquired) immune defenses
Innate Immune Response
Able to immediately act on pathogen
They do not require activation
Adaptive Immune Response
Require activation
They respond to specific pathogen
Major functions of the Lymphatic & Immune systems
Lymphatic Functions
Lymphatic vessels collect and carry away excess tissue fluid
from interstitial spaces, eventually returning it to the blood
Lymph nodes, which are situated along lymphatic vessels,
contain lymphocytes, which help defend body against disease
spleen and thymus are lymphatic organs that monitor the blood
and detect and respond to pathogens and malignant cells
plays an important role in the absorption of fats from the intestine
when it's not working, it may cause obesity
controls fluid levels in our body tissues by removing all fluid that
leak out of our blood vessles
Immune
fights pathogens
fights toxic substances
to protect the host from environmental agents like microbes of
chemicals
fights the changes in our body that could cause diseases
Disorders associated with the Immune system
immune system manufactures antibodies called autoantibodies and cytotoxic T cells, against some of its own antigens
Autoantibodies damage the body’s own tissues
Autoimmune disorders may result from viral infection, faulty T cell development, or reaction to a nonself antigen that closely resembles a self antigen
Antigens and antibodies
Antigens
Works of stimulating an immune response, specifically activating
lymphocytes.
antibodies
Neutralization of infectivity, phagocytosis, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and complement-mediated lysis of pathogens or of infected cells.
Purpose and examples of First, Second and Third line of defense
Second
nonspecific resistance that destroys invaders in a generalized
way without targeting specific individuals
Third
get rid of the specific microorganisms that have invaded your
tissue
First
consists of physical barriers like your skin and the mucosal lining in your respiratory tract. The tears, sweat, saliva and mucous produced by the skin and mucosal lining are part of that physical barrier, too