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Lymphatic/Immune System Delia Ocampo P.2 - Coggle Diagram
Lymphatic/Immune System Delia Ocampo P.2
Major Functions
Lymphatic System:
-Carries away excess tissue fluid
-Help defend body against disease so it produces immune cells
-Absorbs fatty acids and transports fat to the circulatory system
Immune System:
fights disease causing germs like bacteria or viruses and remove them from the body
recognizes and neutralizes harmful substances from the environment
fights disease causing changes in body such as cancer cells
Location of Lymphatic Organs/ Functions
Lymph nodes:it is a site for lymphocyte activation and proliferation and cleanses lymph
Spleen:cleanses the blood and removes aged or defective red blood cells but also stores platelets and iron
Malt:prevents pathogens from penetrating mucous but also it is a site for lymphocyte activation
Thymus:site of T cell maturation
Purpose/Examples of the line defenses
First line defense:helps protect us from invading pathogens or toxins so they work like mechanical barriers and it includes the skin and mucous membrane
Second line of defense:it destroys invaders and work as chemical barriers it includes enzymes,pH,salt and interferons
Third line of defense: It is a cellular immune response but also a humoral immune response
Innate/Adaptive immune defenses
Innate Immune Response- this response is born ready and the cells in it are able to immediately act on pathogens and they don't require activation
Adaptive Immune Response: this response is always ready to learn and remember the cells in it respond to a specific pathogen and they form memory cells to protect from like future attacks and these cells require activation
Humoral/Cellular Response
Humoral Response-has antibody molecules that are secreted by plasma cells but are produced by B cells which helps prevent the spread of extracellular infections
Cellular Response:defend body against extracellular and extracellular bacteria as well as immunity tumors
Antigens and Antibodies
Antigens:can be any large molecules that can trigger an immune response such as proteins,food,chemicals,etc.
Antibodies:5 major types of antibodies also known as immunoglobulins and they constitute the gama globulin fraction of the plasma
Artificial Vs. Naturally acquired immunity
Naturally acquired active immunity:it occurs after an exposure to the antigen and memory b cells are produced here
Artificially required active immunity:occurs through the use of vaccines without the person becoming sick from the disease
Naturally acquired passive immunity:occurs as the antibodies are passed from a mother to the fetus
Artificially acquired passive immunity:it involves the injection of gamma which they also contain antibodies
The difference between the two is that naturally involves humans being exposed to pathogens and becomes immune while artificial has to do with vaccines.
Passive Vs. Active Immunity
Active Immunity:It is obtained through an antigen exposure and it is when antibodies and memory B cells are being produced but also it is a long lasting immunity
Passive immunity:it is obtained by receiving antibodies since there is like no antigen contact,no immune response,no memory B cells and it is a short term immunity
Cells Involved
Helper T cells:they stimulate B cells to produce antibodies against an antigen
Cytotoxic T cells:these monitor the body's cells and also eliminates cancer cells and virus infected cells
Cytokines: these form from helper t cells and increases number of identical cells but also releases perforin which cuts pored in the cell membrane that destroy cells
Memory T cells :provides a quick response to any future exposure to the same antigen
B cells:produce a clone of cells when it encounters an antigen that matches it's receptors
memory B cells:maintain dormant but may respond to future encounters with the anitgen
Disorders of immune system
Type 1 Diabetes-immune system attacks the cells in the pancreas that make insulin