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Coronary Heart Disease - Coggle Diagram

- - - - CAD is caused by plaque buildup in the walls of the arteries that supply blood to the heart (called coronary arteries) and other parts of the body.
      - Plaque is made up of deposits of cholesterol and other substances in the artery. Plaque buildup causes the inside of the arteries to narrow over time, which can partially or totally block the blood flow. This process is called atherosclerosis.
- - - - Coronary heart disease is the term that describes what happens when your heart's blood supply is blocked or interrupted by a build-up of fatty substances in the coronary arteries.
      - Over time, the walls of your arteries can become furred up with fatty deposits. This process is known as atherosclerosis and the fatty deposits are called atheroma.
      - Atherosclerosis can be caused by lifestyle factors, such as smoking and regularly drinking excessive amounts of alcohol.
      - You're also more at risk of getting atherosclerosis if you have conditions like high cholesterol, high blood pressure (hypertension) or diabetes.
      - https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronary-heart-disease/causes/
        
        Coronary heart disease (CHD) is usually caused by a build-up of fatty deposits (atheroma) on the walls of the arteries around the heart (coronary arteries).
        
        The build-up of atheroma makes the arteries narrower, restricting the flow of blood to the heart muscle. This process is called atherosclerosis.
        
        Your risk of developing atherosclerosis is significantly increased if you:
        
        smoke
        
        have high blood pressure (hypertension)
        
        have high cholesterol
        
        have high levels of lipoprotein (a)
        
        do not exercise regularly
        
        have diabetes
        
        Other risk factors for developing atherosclerosis include:
        
        being obese or overweight
        
        having a family history of CHD – the risk is increased if you have a male relative under the age of 55, or a female relative under 65, with CHD
- - - - Angina, or chest pain and discomfort, is the most common symptom of CAD. Angina can happen when too much plaque builds up inside arteries, causing them to narrow. Narrowed arteries can cause chest pain because they can block blood flow to your heart muscle and the rest of your body.
      - For many people, the first clue that they have CAD is a heart attack. Symptoms of heart attack include
      - Chest pain or discomfort (angina)
      - Weakness, light-headedness, nausea (feeling sick to your stomach), or a cold sweat
      - Pain or discomfort in the arms or shoulder
      - Shortness of breath
      - Over time, CAD can weaken the heart muscle. This may lead to heart failure, a serious condition where the heart can’t pump blood the way it should.
    - - chest pain (angina)
      - shortness of breath
      - pain throughout the body
      - feeling faint
      - feeling sick (nausea)
      - But not everyone has the same symptoms and some people may not have any before coronary heart disease is diagnosed.
      - Angina
      - Heart Attack
- - - - They'll ask you about your medical and family history and your lifestyle, and they'll take a blood test.
      - Further tests may be needed to confirm coronary heart disease, including:
      - a treadmill test
      - a radionuclide scan
      - a CT scan
      - an MRI scan
      - coronary angiography
  - - - May be referred for further tests:
        
        electrocardiogram (ECG)
        
        exercise stress tests
        
        X-rays
        
        echocardiogram
        
        blood tests
        
        coronary angiography
        
        radionuclide tests
        
        MRI scans
        
        CT scans
- - - - Complex live-in care, as well as 24-hour care, is also available for those living with heart disease.
      - The social care support offered by live-in care can help people return home after surgery or a heart attack to the comfort of their own home with the required care and support.
      - For more serious care needs, nursing care homes provide necessary care and support with treatments and medication.
      - For those who need less complex care and support, there are more options available such as residential care, assisted living and domiciliary care. These options are less comprehensive but may be appropriate for those who need more general care and support.
      - For the most tailored approach, live-in care offers an alternative solution. Live-in care allows people to remain in their own home whilst receiving the dedicated care and support they need.
- - - - Coronary heart disease cannot be cured but treatment can help manage the symptoms and reduce the chances of problems such as heart attacks. Treatment can include:
      - lifestyle changes, such as regular exercise and stopping smoking
      - medicines
      - angioplasty – where balloons and stents are used to treat narrow heart arteries
      - surgery
- - - - Lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthier (lower sodium, lower fat) diet, increasing physical activity, reaching a healthy weight, and quitting smoking
      - Medicines to treat risk factors for CAD, such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, or an irregular heartbeat
      - Surgical procedures to help restore blood flow to the heart