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The Cell Cycle - Coggle Diagram
The Cell Cycle
- D NA polymerase adds bases to the growing strand that base pair with the original strand
- Hydrogen bonds reform between the bases of the original strand and the new strand 5. Ligase seals the bonds between the sugar-phosphate backbone
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Proto-oncogenes are genes that control the rate of the cell cycle and when mutated act like an accelerator that is stuck on. One mutation in these causes cell to go through the cell cycle faster.
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• Tumor suppressor genes work to slow down the cell cycle and when normal, they act as a brake to the cell cycle. When mutated , they act like a brake that doesn’t work - you step on the pedal to slow down and nothing happens.
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Insertion occurs when an extra base (or more) are added to a gene • Mistakes in tumor suppressor genes/ proto -oncogenes can result in cancer
Substitution occurs when one base is substituted for another base • Deletion occurs when a base (or more) is missing f rom a gene
G1 checkpoint - cell size and nutrient levels are checked, and p53, a tumor suppressor gene, checks for and mistakes in DNA. If cells can’t pass the checkpoint, apoptosis occurs.
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G2- organelles needed for replication (microtubules, centrosomes, centrioles) are created
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G2 checkpoint - DNA is checked for mistakes, and proteins and organelles needed for mitosis are checked.
• Certain genes, when mutated, can lead to cancer because their function affects the cell cycle
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