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Amy Arteaga P7- Lymphatic/Immune System - Coggle Diagram
Amy Arteaga P7- Lymphatic/Immune System
Major functions of Lymphatic & Immune systems
Lymphatic
transports lymph from different parts of the body to the heart
Drains tissue fluid & waste products from intersitial spaces --> returning it to the blood
fights against infection
Immune systems:
fights against infection
prevents sickness
Location of Lymphatic organs and their functions
THYMUS: f; where T-lymphocytes mature/differentiate, larger in childhood. L; sits on top of the heart
LYMPH NODES: f; filter lymph- where immune response is initiated against foreign substances in lymph. lymphocyte production.
LYMPH: largest lymphatic organ. f; filters blood, where immune response is initiated against foreign substance in blood - removes aged/worn erythrocytes(red blood cells) & platelets
TONSILS: lymphoid tissue, L; in throat, to prevent germs from getting in your body.
PEYER's PATCHES: lymphoid organ, wall of small intestine
APPENDIX: prevents infections
MALT ORGANS: Peyer's patches, appendix, & tonsils
Primary Lymphatic Organs
: Red bone marrow & Thymus
Secondary Lymphatic Organs
: lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, lymphatic nodules, & MALT
SPLEEN: detects foreign substances entering blood, blood reservoir/ filters bacteria/worn-out RBC. located above stomach
Purpose/examples of First, Second and Third line of defense
Second Line Of Defense
: (Innate) chemical barriers like enzymes, pH, salt, interferon,
Third Line of Defense
: cellular immune response & humoral response
First Line of Defense
: (innate) mechanical barriers like skin, & mucous membrane
Innate(natural) immune defenses and Adaptive(acquired) immune defenses
Innate
(nonspecific defenses) acts on many pathogen, responds fast; mechanical, & chemical barriers, natural killer cells, inflammation, phagocytosis, and fever; ie first & second line of defense
adaptive
(specific defenses) respond against specific pathogen, respond slowly, carried out by specialized lymphocytes/antibodies; ie third line of defense
Humoral response and cellular response
Humoral
acquired immunity, activation of B cells, leads to production of antibodies, defends against bacteria/viruses in body fluids.
Cellular
T cells response; cell-to-cell contact & then attach directly to antigens to kill/destroy them
Antigens and antibodies
Antigen
: triggers an immune response & immune response is directed against "non self"
antibody
: protein, acts against a specific antigen; involved in humoral immune response(immunoglobulin)
Artificial vs. Naturally acquired immunity
Naturally
acquired passive immunity
: antibodies passed from mother to fetus via breast milk
Naturally
acquired active immunity
: develops after exposure to antigens in environment; ex: sick from infection
Artificially
acquired active immunity
: antibodies made due to exposure to a vaccine
Artificially
acquired passive immunity
: antibodies gathered from a human/other animal; injection of antibodies
Passive vs. Active immunity
Active immunity
: due to exposure to antigen; body produces antibodies against disease-causing antigens; forming a long-lasting immunity
Passive immunity
: short-term immunity obtained by receiving antibodies; it is short-term immunity
Cells involved in the immune system and their functions
Macrophage
: large white blood cell, engulf/destroy bacteria, foreign particles, & dead cells. first recognizes and then eats it & displayed to other cells
Pathogen
: disease causing agents, like bacteria, viruses, fungi, causing infection
Lymphocyte
: white blood cell, attacks viruses, bacteria, & parasitic cells that enter lymph nodes
cytokines
: proteins secreted by cytotoxic T cells, aid in antigen destruction; help cellular response to antigens
Helper T cells
: type of T lymphocyte that activates B cells to produce antibody and other T cells
Cytotoxic
type of T lymphocyte, kills infected/cancer body cells
memory T cells
: type of T lymphocyte, provide quick response to future exposure
B cell
: antibody-producing plasma cell
memory B cells
: remain dormant & become activated if same antigen appears later; produce plasma cells
antigen presenting cell
: B cell/macrophage, chop it up(bacteria) & activate helper T cells
Disorders associated with the Immune system
Edema
: puffy swelling of tissue from accumulation of fluid
Autoimmune antibodie
s: antibodies attack/damage body's own
tissue
Autoimmune disorder
: immune system produces antibodies against body's own tissues
Hypersensitivity
: excessive/exaggerated response by immune system to a particular substance
Lymphatic pathway:
lymph capillary--> afferent lymph vessel --> lymph node--> efferent lymph vessel --> lymph trunk --> collecting duct --> subclavarian vein