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Alejandra F. De La Torre P:2 Lymphatic/Immune System - Coggle Diagram
Alejandra F. De La Torre P:2 Lymphatic/Immune System
Major Functions of the Lymphatic & Immune systems
Second Circulatory System
Contains lymphocytes which help defend body against disease
Lymphatic vessels collect and carry away excess tissue fluid, returns it to blood
Location of Lymphatic organs ad their functions
Spleen
Location
under the left lung
Function
Cleanse blood and removed aged or defective red blood cells, they are a site for lymphocyte activation and proliferation, and they store platelets, monocytes and iron
Malt
Location
Small intestine
Function
Prevent pathogens from penetrating mucous membrane
Lymph nodes
Function
Cleanse lymph and they are a site for lymphocyte activation and proliferation
Location
through out the face/mouth
Thymus
Location
above the trachea
Function
site for T cell maturation
Purpose and examples of First, Second and Third line of defense
Second line of defense: Chemical barriers (Enzymes, pH, salt, interferons, complement).
Purpose
Chemical barriers have contain chemicals that kill pathogens
Third line of defense: Cellular immune response & Humoral immune response.
Purpose
Cellular immune response
T cells synthesizing and secreting cytokines
Humoral immune response
T cell releases cytokines that activate the B cell
First line of defense: Mechanical barriers (Skin & mucous membranes).
Purpose
Mechanical barriers prevent the entry of pathogens by providing a psychical separation of pathogens and internal tissues
Innate (natural) immune defenses and Adaptive (acquired) immune defenses
Innate (natural) immune defenses
Cells are able to immediately act on pathogens. They do not require activation.
Adaptive (acquired) immune defenses
These cells require activation
They respond to a specific pathogen.
Form memory cells to protect from future attacks
Humoral response and cellular response
.
some B cells differentiate into plasma cells, which produce and secrete antibodies
antibodies travel through the body fluids to attack and destroy antigens
a helper T cell releases cytokines that activate the B cell, stimulating it to divide and form a clone
Cellular response begins with T cells synthesizing and secreting cytokines which then release a cellular response to antigens.
Antigens and antibodies
Antigens
Functions
A large molecule that can trigger an immune response
Antibodies
Functons
help destroy antigens
Artificial vs. Naturally acquired immunity
Artificial
occurs through the use of vaccines, without the person becoming ill from the disease
Natural
occurs after exposure to the antigen
Passive vs. Active immunity
Passive
short-term immunity, obtained by receiving antibodies
Active
long-lasting immunity, obtained through antigen exposure
Cells involved in the immune system and their functions
White blood cells,Lymphocytes
T Cell
Differentiate into plasma cells when an antigen presenting cell comes in contact with them
Neutrophils
engulf smaller particles
T Cell
Activate B cells and they kill cells on cell to cell contact
Macrophages
(Third line of defense) recognize and remember specific foreign molecules on particular pathogens
Natural Killer cell
(Natural Killer cells) Defend the body against viruses and cancer cells (Pathogens)
Disorders associated with the Immune system
Type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, insulin from pancreas are destoryed by autoantibodies