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Immune System By: Ricardo Hernandez Per. 2 - Coggle Diagram
Immune System
By: Ricardo Hernandez Per. 2
Major Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune System
Lymphatic System
It can collect and carry any excess tissue fluid and then give it away
It has vessel like veins that is surrounded by the body and can fight against any disease. Which I'll get to later.
Immune Systems
It can fight off any diseases that is supported with the lymphatic system.
It has many ways to kill off any pathogens and has many defenses on it's disposal.
Location of the Lymphatic Organs and their functions
Lymph
The lymph can move through around your body and it has many helpers to make it move all around the body. Such as the hydro static pressure that is around the tissue fluid and can push into the activity of the muscles that makes the lymph go to the lymphatic vessels.
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
It is the digestive system and has encapsulated lymphatic tissues that helps supports MALT.
Lymph Nodes
There located are around the lymphatic vessels. They have other components to help the human body.
Immune Surveillance
This helps monitors any body fluids of your body.
Lymphocytes
They can attack viruses, or any parasites that have invaded your body or the lymph node.
Macrophages
They can engulf and destroy any particles that was left off, ot damaged cells that can hurt the body.
Thymus
Located below your thyroid gland and between the top part of the lungs, the thymus can help by producing T cells and they provide immunity.
Spleen
Located at the upper left abdominal cavity, it helps remove any damaged blood cells or bacteria.
Innate (natural) immune defenses and Adapted (acquired) Immune Defenses
Innate (natural) immune defense
Response quickly and to help guard any type pathogens that has come to it's way. They consists of chemical barriers, species resistance, mechanical barrier, natural killer cells, inflammation, phagocytes, and fever
Chemical Barriers
The barrier can kill many pathogens for it's chemical substances.
Enzymes
Can destroy many pathogens
Interferon
This can help slow tumor growth and help block viral replication by it's hormones that secrete.
Acidic Environment
It can produce this juice call gastric that kill many pathogens
Natural Killer Cells (NKC)
They can secrete cells to help improve the inflammation, they consist of perforins that can kill cancer cells, and viruses.
Inflammation
It is a tissue response whenever there is an injury or an infection happens. It can also created responses whenever pathogens start to invade the body such as increase of blood volume, white blood cells rushing over to the sever injury, and more
Phagocytosis
They can engulf many pathogens, or invaders that are inside the body uninvited. Neutrophils are the ones who can engulf small pathogens, and the monocytes can help attack the larger ones. They have a special consistence that can helped fixed tissues called macrophages.
Mechanical Barrier
It is the first line of defense, it helps prevent phagocytes from preventing any diseases to spread even more.
Fever
This helps heighten up your body temperature causing the spleen, and liver to toughen up and help reducing bacteria in your body by lowering your blood cells.
Species resistance
It is a species that is resistance to diseases and can affect it on other species.
Adaptive (specific) defenses or immunity
They can help respond to any specific types of pathogens but the catch is that they respond slowly and also secret cytokines and antibodies. Also known as the third line of defense.
Cellular Immune response
It response through cell-to-cell response when it is contacted. They are activated by the T cells by directly and interactively.
Cytokines are are secreted by T cells that can improved cellular responses to antigens.
Cytotoxic T cells
This can help monitor the body's cells by recognizing and then killing the cancer cells, or other bacteria
Memory T cells
It is a quick response if there is another invader that comes in your body in the near futures.
Helper T cells
Stimulate the B cells that can help produce antibodies just to help go against the displayed antigens.
Cytokines
They can help clone many T cells and make them kill more bacteria cells.
Humoral Immune Response
B cells
They can be activated and then clone itself if they ever encounter a antigen.
Hummoral immune response
It is when the antigens are destroyed by the body fluids.
Disorders associated with the immune system
Autoimmunity
This makes your own body cells fight it self one by one making the body tissues damaging itself and then death.
Organ Transplants
If you eve get a transplant because your original organ was weak, your cells start to fight off the newly transplanted organ because it is not the same as the original so you take a medicine for the cells to suppress but it may have consequences because you will be vulnerable to the common cold.
Antigens and Antibodies
Antigens
Antigens can help the body by activating your immune response and also when you are born your body have these antigens so it can help you later when you are young.
Antibodies
They can help by passing from mother to fetus, it's like inheriting another cells to another cell to your newborn baby.
Artificial Vs. Naturally acquired immunity
Naturally acquired active immunity
It can be a result of a resistance long-term and can make memory B cells and gives a good improvement of it.
Artificial is when they put something in your body or add something to your just to make your body improve
Artificially acquired active immunity
Getting injected with gamma goblins can be a one way for artificially because it has antibodies and but doesn't give you no memory B cells, or more.
Artificially acquired active immunity
Vaccines are one way for an artificially immunity. They help by giving you an illness but not the disease and later on your memory B cells can help remember it and when you have the disease the fighting cells knows how to kill it.
Naturally acquired passive immunity
This is the mother to fetus inherited stage where the female gives off self antigens so the baby can have cells to fight back bacteria.
Cells involved in the immune system
B cells
They can be activated and can produce many clones of itself so help the antigen to become very strong by binding them.
Memory B cells
They just stay there and can last forever until the bacteria attacks again.
T cells
T cells can activate many substitute whenever it is activated by the antigen-presenting cells
Helper T cells
They can help stimulate B cells so then they can produce antibodies do they can fight against the displayed antigen.
Cytotoxic T cells
This helps monitors the body's cells and can kill cancer cells and bacteria by recognizing them.
Memory T cells
They can be a quick response whenever a bacteria is destroying your body that has attacked you before.