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Heidi Ochoa P.1 Immune system - Coggle Diagram
Heidi Ochoa P.1 Immune system
Major functions of the Lymphatic & Immune systems
Lymphatic system: manages fluid levels, reacts to bacteria, cleanses body, produces immune cells.
Immune system: Rids the body of foreign invaders, bacteria, and viruses. Without it our bodies would be unable to fight against bacteria, or viruses causing us to be extremely sick.
Location of Lymphatic organs and their functions
Lymph nodes: cleanse lymph. Is the site for lymphocyte activation and proliferation
Spleen: cleanses blood and removes old RBC and is site fro lymphocyte activation and proliferation.
MALT: prevents pathogens from penetrating mucous membrane. Site for lymphocyte activation and proliferation.
Thymus: Ste of T cell maturation
Purpose and examples of First, Second and Third line of defense
1st line:
includes external body membrane (skin, mucous) and antimicrobial proteins.
Physical barrier
Keratin
Mucosae
2nd Line
: (innate) necessary if invades deeper tissue
Phagocyte
Natural Killer cell
inflammatory response
Anti-microbacterial proteins
Fever
3rd Line
: of defense takes longer to react. Specific cells that can kill infection/bacteria. Dendritic cells respond. Includes T cells and B cells (humoral, and cellular immunity)
Innate immune defenses and Adaptive immune defenses
Innate immune defenses include first and second line of defense. (born with)
Adaptive includes memory cells and is what your body learns. It includes the 3rd line of defense with T cells and B cells
Humoral response and cellular response
Humoral response (B cell):. Antigen that binds to the B-cell antigen receptor signals B cells
Cellular (T cell):the end of the line for a signal brought to the target cell by a signaling molecule
Antigens and antibodies
Antigens: mobilize adaptive defenses and provoke and immune response.
Antibodies: identify and neutralizes invader.
Function:
Neutralization
agglutination
Precipitation
Complement fixation
Artificial vs. Naturally acquired immunity
Active:
Naturally acquired- formed in response to bacterial infections
Artificially acquired- formed in response to vaccine of dead/ unattended pathogens.
Passive:
Natural- antibodies delivered to fetus
Artificial: Injection of serum/ vaccine (immunity wears off over time)
Passive vs. Active immunity
Passive humoral immunity;occurs when B cells encounter antigens and produce a specific antibody to fight against them
Active humoral immunity: occurs when ready made antibodies are introduced into body. (vaccine, or acquired from someone else)
Cells involved in the immune system and their functions
Lymphocytes (T & B cells, NK cells) monocytes, and neutrophils
lymphocytes :
T cells- act against target cells, directly kills infected cells, release chemicals that lead to inflammation.
B cells- antibodies produced by lymphocytes, circulate in body fluids, bind temporarily to target and neutralizes it
Monocytes: (leukocyte) kills infected cells
Basophils; secrete chemicals such as histamine to help your body's immune response.
Neutrophils :are body's first line of defense. They are the most numerous type of white blood cells.
Eosinophils help with your body's allergic response and kill cancer cells and parasites.
Disorders associated with the Immune system
SCID syndrome: severe combined immunodeficiency. genetic defect with marked deficit in B and T cells
hodgkins disease: causes cancer of B cells depress lymph nose cells- leads to immunodeficiency.
AIDS: HIV cripples immune system by interfering with activity of helper T cells.