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Organic Chemistry - Coggle Diagram

- - - - This makes alkenes reactive
  - - - Alkenes react with halogens to form haloalkanes
      - For example:
        bromine + ethene -> dibromoethane
      - When bromine water is added to a saturated compound (like an alkane), it remains orange
        When bromine water is added to an unsaturated compound (such as alkenes), the solution turns colourless
    - - When an alkene reacts with steam, a water molecule is added to form alcohol
      - C2H4 + H20 -> C2H5OH
    - - Double bonded alkene opens up to bond with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to form an alkane
      - alkene + Hydrogen -> alkane
    - - Alkene + Oxygen -> Carbon + Carbon Monoxide + Water
      - Incomplete Combustion produces a yellow smoky flame
- - - - Undergoes complete combustion or incomplete combustion
      - Used as fuels
- - - - This makes them saturated
- - - - For each new bond, a water molecule is lost
        (condensation)
    - - For example:
        ethane diol + hexanedioic acid -> a polyester + water
- - - - carboxylic acid + carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide
        
        ethanoic acid + sodium carbonate -> sodium ethanoate + water + carbon dioxide
    - - They ionise and release H+ ions (making the solution acidic)
- - - - Long-hydrocarbons are less useful (they form thick gloopy liquids)
        Short-chain hydrocarbons are more flammable so can be used as fuels