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IMMUNE SYSTEM - Coggle Diagram
IMMUNE SYSTEM
CELLS
Monocytes - same as neutrophils
Neutrophils - an active phagocyte
Natural Killer Cells - type of lymphocytes that can destroy cancer cells and viruse infected cells
Helper T cells - stimulate B cells to produce antibodies against displayed antigen
Cytotoxic T cells - Monitor the body's cells
Cytotoxic from Helper T cells activate cytotoxic T cells
Memory T cells - provides a quick response to any future exposure to the same antigen by dividing to produce large number of Cytotoxic cells
Cytotoxic T cells - bind to antigen bearing cells and release perforin
MAJOR FUNCTIONS
Lymphocytes
- help defend body against disease
Lymphatic Vessels
- Carry away and collect excess tissue fluid
Lymph Nodes
- cleanse lymph and site for lumphocyte activation & profileration
Spleen
- Cleanses blood & removes aged or defective red blood cells and stores platelets, moncytes, & iron
Malt
- Prevent pathogens from penetrating mucous membrane
Thymus
- Site of T-Cell maturation
DISORDERS
Fungi
- any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds
Protozoans
- informal term for a group of single-celled eukaryotes
Viruses
- submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism
Bacteria
- ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell
LINE DEFENSE
2ND
Natural Killer Cells
Inflammation
Phagocytosis
Chemical Barriers - enzymes, pH, salt, interferons, complement
Fever
3RD
Cellular Response
Humoral Response
1ST
Mechanical Barriers - Skin and mucous membranes
PASSIVE & ACTIVE IMMUNITY
Passive
obtained by receiving antibodies
no
memory B cells are produced
Active
obtained through antigen exposure
antibodies and
memory B cells are produced
LOCATIONS & FUNCTIONS
Location
Lymph Nodes
not found in central nervous system
major areas; cervical, thoracic, axillary, supratrochlear, abdominal, pelvic & inguinal regions
generally occurs in chains along the parts of larger lymphatic vessels
Functions
Lymph Nodes
Immune surveillance monitor body fluids
lymphocytes attack viruses, bacteria & parasites cells that enter a lymph node
Filter lymph & remove bacteria & cellular debris before lymph
HUMORAL & CELLULAR RESPONSE
Cellular Response
response through cell-to-cell contact, as activated T cells interact directly with antigen-bearing cells
Humoral Response
Antibodies travel through the body fluids to attack and destroy antigens
ARTIFICIAL & NATURALLY IMMUNITY
Naturally
Passive - occurs as antibodies are passed
from mother to fetus; this is short-term immunity,
Active - occurs after exposure to the
antigen; long-term resistance results
Artificial
Passive - involves the injection of gamma
globulins containing antibodies or antiserum
Active - occurs through the use of vaccines,
without the person becoming ill from the disease;
INNATE & ADAPTIVE
Innate
Guard against many types of pathogens which cause them to respond quickly
able to immediately act on pathogens
do not require activation
Adaptive
Form memory cells to protect from future attacks
respond to a specific pathogen
respond against only a specific type of pathogen causing them to respond slowly
ANTIGENS & ANTIBODIES
Antigens
Before birth, the body makes an inventory of “self” antigens
Immune response is directed against “nonself” molecules,
which are usually large and complex foreign molecules
Can be any large molecules that that can trigger an immune
response (ex: proteins, food, chemicals)
Antibodies
Activation of Complement
- results in opsonization, chemotaxis,inflammation, agglutination, neutralization, alteration, or lysis, of antigens or antigen-bearing cells
Direct Attack
- make antigens more susceptible to phagocytosis
Inflammation
- Stimulation of local inflammatory changes in the
area, that helps prevent the spread of the pathogens