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THE FIRST WORLD WAR I - Coggle Diagram
THE FIRST WORLD WAR I
The causes of the war
The Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Russian Empire competed for control of the Balkans.
Serbia (a Balkan country) was angry about the expansion of the Austro-Hungarian Empire into the area
France wanted to recover the region of Alsace-Lorraine
France and Germany also competed for control of colonies, important for economic expansion; especially Morocco
Great Britain saw the supremacy of its merchant navy threatened
German Empire constructed a large fleet of merchant ships in order to dominate international trade.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
On 28 June, 1914, was assassinated in Sarajevo
was shot by a young Bosnian Serb nationalist and the Austrian government blamed Serbia for the assassination
sent them an ultimatum, which was ignored
On 28 July 1914, the Austro-Hungarian Empire declared war on Serbia.
The pre-war crises
In 1905
Germany wanted to keep Morocco out of France's control
tried to establish Morocco as a German protectorate
failed
In 1908
the Austro-Hungarian Empire annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina
led to protests from the Serbians living in Bosnia.
also angered Russia, Serbia's traditional ally.
In 1911
after another confrontation with France, Germany recognised Morocco as a French protectorate.
France ceded a part of its territories in the Congo to Germany.
In 1912-13
Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece and Montenegro declared war on the Ottoman Empire for the possession of its territories in the Balkans.
After their victory, a second war was fought between these countries over the division of the territories.
The Treaty of Bucharest was signed in 1913
Bulgaria was defeated
Serbia expanded its Balkan territorie
provoking the hostility of Austria-Hungary because it had interests in this area.
Allainces during the first world war
The central Powers
Austro-Hungarian Empire allied with the German and Ottoman empires and they were joined by Bulgaria.
Italy
belonged to the Triple Alliance
it promised to remain neutral because the pact it had signed was to defend one of the other countries only in the case of an attack from another country.
Austro-Hungarian Empire initiated the attack, Italy didn't feel obliged to participate.
The allies
Serbia was allied with the Triple Entente (France, Great Britain and the Russian Empire)
they were joined by Belgium, Japan, Italy, Romania, the United States, Greece, Portugal, China, and various Latin American republics.
In 1915, Italy abandoned its neutrality and joined the Allies
First World War
between 1914 and 1918
by various European countries and their African and Asian colonies, the United States, Japan, China and some Latin American republics.
Phases of the war
four phases
Initial German offensives (1914)
Germany put the Schlieffen Plan into effect.
consisted of launching a rapid offensive on the Western Front, invading Belgium (a neutral country)
the north of France with the aim of reaching Paris.
once France was defeated, German troops advanced on the Eastern Front to fight the Russians.
German plan did not succeed because the French and British armies stopped their advance at the First Battle of the Marne.
Trench warfare (1915–16)
Western Front between Germany and the Allies stabilised and a new phase of the war began
they could not advance, both sides focused on defending their positions.
they built trenches from where they could defend themselves using new weapons
new military tactics were used to wear the enemy down by continually attacking the same place
they used battleships and submarines; in the Battle of Jutland, the British fleet defeated the German fleet.
Incorporation and withdrawal of allies (1917)
In 1917, the United States decided to join the war on the side of the Allies because German submarines had sunk neutral merchant ships.
On 1 January 1917, Germany had initiated submarine attacks
In the same year, a political and social revolution in the Russian Empire caused Russia to withdraw from the war after signing the Peace of Brest-Litovsk.
The end of the war and the Armistice (1918)
The help of the American troops and weapons allowed the Allied forces to advance on the Western Front (the Second Battle of the Marne).
Exhaustion and an ever-increasing lack of resources drove the Central Powers to seek peace
Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated, and on 11 November 1918, the Armistice was signed.
