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Sticky and Stringy, Acute bronchiolitis - Coggle Diagram

- - - - CO2 removed
        
        200
  - - - \
        
        O2 consume
        
        200 / 250 = 0.8
  - - - O2 consume
        
        250
  - - - C=kp
- - - - effects
        
        CF transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR)
  - - - immunoreactive trypsinogen, screens for a protein made by the pancreas.
    - - will
        
        indicative of CF.
  - - - are
        
        bacterial infections
        
        including
        
        Pseudomonas aeruginosa
        
        which is
        
        obligate aerobic bacteria
        
        Gram - bacilli/rod
        
        characterized by
        
        Pyocyanin
        
        3 more items...
        
        Haemophilus influenza B
        
        which is
        
        Gram - coccobacili
        
        facultative aerobic bacteria
        
        can cause
        
        meningitis
        
        epiglotittis
        
        conjuctivits
        
        pneumonia
        
        endocarditis
        
        sinusitis
        
        Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)
        
        is considered as
        
        hospital-acquired infection
        
        common-acquired infection
        
        Staphylococcus aureus
        
        which is
        
        facultative anaerobic bacteria
        
        Gram + cocci in clusters
        
        can cause
        
        infections in skin, soft tissues and deep tissues
        
        1 more item...
        
        Damaged airways (bronchiectasis).
        
        Chronic infections.
        
        Growths in the nose (nasal polyps)
        
        Pneumothorax.
        
        Respiratory failure.
    - - are
        
        Nutritional deficiencies.
        
        Diabetes.
        
        Liver disease.
    - - include
        
        infertility in men and Reduced fertility in women
  - - - mutation in a gene called CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator).
        
        which controls
        
        the flow of salt and fluids in and out of your cells.
    - - a sticky mucus builds up, block tubes and airway
  - - - including
        
        A persistent cough that produces thick mucus (sputum)
        
        Wheezing
        
        Exercise intolerance
        
        Repeated lung infections
        
        Inflamed nasal passages or a stuffy nose
        
        Recurrent sinusitis
    - - including
        
        Foul-smelling, greasy stools
        
        Poor weight gain and growth
        
        Intestinal blockage
        
        Chronic or severe constipation
- - - - inheriting 2 copies of mutated CFTR genes, leading to mutated form of CFTR protein causing the secretions to become sticky and thick
    - - Gating mutations (Class 3)
      - Conduction mutation (Class 4)
      - Protein processing mutations (Class 2)
      - Insufficient protein mutations (Class 5)
      - Protein production mutations (Class 1)
    - - AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE
- - - - progressive interstitial fibrosis
  - - - 0.2 to 8.8/100,000
    - - for
        
        Europe and North America.
    - - 0.5 to 27.9/100,000
    - - was
        
        lower
  - - - CMV
      - HHV-7
      - HHV-7
  - - - clustered cystic air spaces
        
        diameters typically <10 mm
        
        surrounded by
        
        well-defined walls
  - - - stopping smoking
      - exercising regularly
      - vaccination
        
        annual flu
        
        pneumococcal
      - keep away from people with chest infections
    - - given through
        
        ace mask
        
        nasal cannula
      - storage through
        
        oxygen concentrator
        
        compressed
        
        liquid oxygen
- - - - Depend on
        
        Cardiac output
        
        O2 content of blood
        
        What determine O2 content?
        
        O2 binding capacity
        
        How much O2 blood can hold
        
        Hemoglobin saturation
        
        % hemoglobin molecules saturation
        
        Dissolved O2
        
        O2 diretly dissolved in blood
  - - - Low oxygen content of blood
- - - - Developed with the help of
        
        Neutrophils
- - - - CFTR modulators
        
        Include
        
        Potentiators
        
        Such as
        
        Ivacaftor
        
        Work by
        
        Keeping the CFTR gene in the open conformation for patients with the G551D mutation
        
        Correctors
        
        Such as
        
        Lumcaftor - elexacaftor - tezacaftor
        
        For
        
        Patients with the F508del mutation
        
        Amplifiers
        
        Only in clinical trials
      - Mucolytics
        
        Include
        
        Dornase alfa
        
        Which is an
        
        Extracelluar DNA elastase
        
        Diuretics
        
        Such as
        
        Amiloride
        
        Mannitol
      - Antibiotics, bronchodilators, glucocorticoids
  - - - Diet high in calories, fat, and salt
      - Pancreatic enzymes
      - Lung transplant in severe cases
- - - - it will make
        
        Epithelial linning of the respiratory tract
      - Extension of the primitive foregut of the endoderm will form
        
        Respiratory diverticulum
        
        during folding it moves ventrally and inferiorly to form the
        
        Tracheoesophageal septum
        
        which seperates
        
        Esophagus
        
        Laryngotracheal tube
        
        1 more item...
    - - will form
        
        Connective tissue, Cartilages and muscles
  - - - Septum transversum
      - Pleuroperitonieal membranes
      - Dorsal mesentery of the esophagus
      - Muscular ingrowth from the body wall
- - - - genes associated
        
        HPGD gene
        
        SLCO2A1 gene