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**Chapter 1: DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM (DNS) IN WINDOWS SERVER ENVIRONMENT -…
**Chapter 1: DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM (DNS) IN WINDOWS SERVER ENVIRONMENT
Topic 1.1.1 Define the Structure of DNS
server that allows us to resolve hostname to IP address
a. Distributed means no single database
b. Hierarchical means there’s no structure to how information is stored and accessed
The structure of DNS
How DNS works?
Step 1 –
Send a Request to Resolve a Domain Name
Step 2 –
Search for an IP Locally
Step 3 –
Contact ISP and its Recursive DNS Server to Resolve a Domain Name
Step 4 –
Ask Outside DNS Servers to Provide an IP Address
Step 5 –
Receive the IP Address
1.1.2 Explain DNS lookup process and DNS server roles
DNS records can be added and changed by two method which is:
–Static updates -
administrator enters DNS record information manually
–Dynamic updates -
referred to as Dynamic DNS (DDNS)
Two types of DNS Lookup
Iterative queries
the requester ask DNS server for the best answer it has.
Recursive queries
computer will request an IP address or confirmation that if the DNS server doesn't know that IP address.
DNS Lookup process
Step 1:
Requesting Website Information
Step 2:
Contact the Recursive DNS Servers
Step 3:
Query the Authoritative DNS Servers
Step 4:
Access the DNS Record
Step 5:
Final DNS Step
DNS Servers can perform one or more of the following roles for a zone:
1. Authoritative server
:holds a complete copy of a zone’s resource records
3.Conditional forwarder :
a DNS Server to which other DNS servers send requests targeted for a specific domain
2.Forwarder:
a DNS server to which other DNS servers send requests they can’t resolve themselves
4.Caching-only server:
does not have zones and it’s job is to field DNS queries, do recursive lookups to root servers or send requests to forwarders, and then cache the results
1.1.3 Follow steps in installing DNS with Active Directory
we can install DNS using Server Manager or Powershell
if DNS server manage to domain so DNS server role should be installed on a domain controller.
Windows will automatically detects whether the server is already configured as a domain controller
1.1.4 Complete DNS zones creation
Creating DNS zones
Install DNS on server
Create a stub zone
Create a secondary zone for a primary zone
Create a primary or secondary zone for an Internet domain
DNS database zones
Primary zones
Two types:
Primary zone
Primary zone with Active Directory Integration (Active Directory DNS)
maintaining all records for DNS zone
stores primary copy of DNS
Secondary zones
gets database from primary zone
used for load balancing
act as backup of primary zone
noneditable copies of DNS
Advantages :
even if the primary server become unavailable , name resolution can still occur
can increase network perfomance
Stub zones
work a lot
noneditable copy of primary zone
when to use stub zone:
to protect the DNS database
when 2 large companies merge anf the DNS zone information
