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Systemic lupus erythematosus - Coggle Diagram
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Autoimmunity
immune system attacks the body
systemic diseases
organ-specific diseases
loss of tolerance
central tolerance
peripheral tolerance
mechanisms
Polyclonal Lymphocyte activation
Altered self
Bystander T cell activation
Release of sequestered antigens
Availability of cryptic epitope
Molecular mimicy
affecting
Diagnostic criteria for SLE
4 out of 11 criteria
Malar rash
Photosensitivity
Discoid rash
Oral ulcers
arthritis
Serositis
Renal disorder
Proteinuria greater than 500mg/24 hrs OR cellular casts
Neurologic disorder
Seizures OR psychosis in the absence of drugs
Hematologic disorder
Hemolytic anemia OR leukopenia OR lymphopenia OR thrombocytopenia
Immunologic disorder
Anti-DNA antibody OR Anti-Sm antibody OR positive antiphospholipid antibody OR positive antiphospholipid antibody on:
An abnormal serum level of IgG or IgM anticardiolipin antibodies OR
A positive test result for lupus anticoagulant using a standard method OR
A false-positive serologic test for syphilis known to be positive for at least 6 months and confirmed by Treponema pallidum immobilization or fluorescent
explained by the
Investigations for SLE
ANA immunofluorescence test
Anti-dsDNA antibodies
Anti-smith antibodies
Anti-U1-RNP
Anti-Ribosomal-P antibodies
Anti-Ro (SS-A) antibodies
Anti-La (SS-B) antibodies
other autoantibodies
low complement
other tests include
CBC
Liver and renal function tests
Urinalysis and urine protein quantification
Synovial fluid aspiration
Chest imaging
Echocardiography
CNS imaging / lumbar puncture
Renal and skin biopsies
LE cells
to diagnose and give the proper treatments
Managements for autoimmune diseases
and reduce the prevelance
immunosuppressants
Antilymphocyte and antithymocyte globulins
Basiliximab and Daclizumab
Belimumab
Rituximab
Cyclosporine
Tacrolimus
Sirolimus and Everolimus
Azathioprine
Mycophenolate mofetil
Pathophysiology of SLE
disrupted immne system
many pathological events in many body systems
forming different types
Connective tissue disorders
causes
Heritable disorders of connective tissue.
Non-inherited causes
include
Exposure to toxic chemicals.
Exposure to ultraviolet light.
Inadequate nutrition, including lack of vitamins D and C.
Infections.
the collagen and elastin are inflamed. Thus, proteins and the body parts they connect are harmed.
examples
.
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Scleroderma
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA, formerly called Wegener’)
Marfan Syndrome
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Ehler-danlos Syndrome
Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA)
Polymyositis/dermatomyositis
Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), also called the Sharp syndrome
Undifferentiated connective tissue disorders
resulted from
Types of SLE
cutaneous lupus erythematosus
Systemic lupus erythematosus
thus the need of investigations
Epidemiology of SLE
better immunity
The reported prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the United States is 20 to 150 cases per 100,000
In women, prevalence rates vary from 164 (White individuals) to 406 (African American individuals) per 100,000 .
Due to improved detection of mild disease, the incidence nearly tripled in the last 40 years of the 20th century. Estimated incidence rates are 1 to 25 per 100,000 in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia.
Risk factors for SLE
Hormones/Sex
Infection
Medications
Environment
Lifestyle
Race/Genetics
Age
which have