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Chapter 6/7 + PES - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 6/7 + PES
Chapter 6
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6.7 Many Electron Atoms
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When electrons are unpaired within an orbital, their lone spin produces magnetic character and are paramagnetic.
These spins produce a magnetic field. Whenever two electrons are paired, their opposite spins cancel out each other’s magnetism and are called diamagnetic.
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Chapter 7
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7.4 - Ionization Energy
Ionization energy (usually measured in kJ/mol) describes the minimum amount of energy needed to move an electron from an atom or ion.
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When all valence electrons have been removed, the ionization energy takes a quantum leap since the ion then has an electron configuration similar to a noble gas and is now stable.
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PES
Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is an experimental method used to determine the electronic structure of atoms and molecules.
Photoelectron spectrometers ionize samples by bombarding them with high-energy radiation, such as UV or x-rays, and detecting the number and kinetic energy of ejected electrons.
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The peaks with the lowest binding energy correspond to the valence electrons since they are in the highest energy levels, furthest from the positively charged nucleus.