Concept Map:10
Vanessa Martinez

Major Functions of:

Lymphatic System: functions in cleaning and preventing and maintaining protection

Immune System: Provides resistance to disease

Lymphatic Organs and their functions

Lymph Nodes: cleans lymph and it is the site for lymphocyte activation proliferation

Spleen: cleanses blood & removes aged or defective RBC's. Site for lymphocyte activation nand proliferation and stores platelets, monocytes and iron

Malt: prevents pathogens from penetrating mucous membranes. Site for lymphocyte activation and proliferation.

Thymus: site of T- cell maturation

Also includes the: appendix, peyers patches, tonsils, and red bone marrow.

Lines of Defense

INNATE DEFENSE SYSTEM:
First Line of Defense: external body membranes such as the skin and mucous membrane. It is the physical barriers.
Second Line Of Defense: antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes and other cells.

ADAPTIVE DEFENSE SYSTEM:
Third Line Of Defense: attacks particular foreign substances. It is a specific defense system that eliminates almost any pathogens or abnormal cell in body.

Innate and Adaptive Immune defense

Innate Immune response: They are "born ready" and are able to immediately act on pathogens. Does not need activation. It includes physical barriers, chemical barriers, complement and inflammation. Leukocytes involve include: neutrophils, basophils, eosiniphils, macrophages and natural killer cells.

Adaptive Immune Response: Learn and remember which does require activation and react and respond to specific pathogens. Forms memory cells to protect from attacks. Leukocytes involved include T- Cells, B-Cells,

Humoral and Cellular Response:

Humoral: Are antibodies produced by lymphocyte, circulate freely in body fluids and can bind temporarily to target cells. Marks for destruction. B Cells is more associated to Humurol Immunity. When B encounters target antigen, it provokes a humoral response

There are active and passive hemoral immunity. Both have a naturally acquired and artificially acquired.

Cellular Immunity: are lymphocytes that act against target cells. This being killing them directly and indirectly. This is the most complicated part of the adaptive response and T Cells provide defense against intracellular antigens.

Antigens Vs Antibodies

Antigens are substances that can mobilize adaptive defenses and provoke an immune response. They cab be a complete antigen or hapten, contain anti genetic determinants, and can be self antigen. Self antigen are cells covered with a variety of proteins located in surface that are not anti genetic to others in transfusions or grafts.

Antibodies: proteins secreted by plasma cells. They are Y-shaped proteins produced by B cells of the immune system in response to exposure to antigens.

Artificially vs Naturally acquired immunity.

Active:
Naturally Acquired: are infections; contact with pathogen
Artificially Acquired: vaccine; dead or activated pathogens

Passive Immunity:
Naturally Acquired: antibodies passed fro mother to fetus via breast feeding and placenta
Artificially Acquired: injections of exogenous antibodies

Passive Vs Active Immunity:

Active Immunity occurs when B cells encounter antigens and produce specific antibodies against them.

Passive Immunity occurs when ready made antibodies are introduced into body.

cells involved in immune system

Pathogens
Neutrophils
Macrophage
Complement
Dendritic Cells
Infected Cells
Natural Killer Cell
Monocyte
Eosiniophils
Basophils
Mast Cells
Helper T cell
memory helper T cell
memory killer T cell
Killer T cell
plasma cell
B - Cell
Memory B Cells
Antibodies

Disorders associated with immune system:

Pus: creamy yellow mixture of dead neutrophills, tissue/cells and living/death pathogens.
Immunodeficiency: congenital or acquired conditions that impair function or production of immune cells or molecules
severed combines immunodeficiency:genetic defect with market deficit on Bcells and T cells.
Hagdkins disease: an acquired immunodeficiency that causes cancer of B cells HIV: cripples immune system by interfering with activity of helper T cells Hypersensitivity (anaphyletic shock**: bronchioles contrict making it difficult to breath.