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Trespass to the person - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Few seconds suffices (Walker v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis)
      - Can take place outdoors (Austin and another v Metropolitan Police Commissioner)
      - No need attempt to leave (Grainger v Hill)
      - Claimants need not know of it (Meering v Grahame-White Airviation Ltd)
      - Conditional detention - release subject to a RESONABLE CONDITION
        
        Robinson v Balmain Ferry Co
        
        Sunbolf v Alford
      - COMPLETE restraint of movement (Bird v Jones)
    - - Kandawala v Cambridgeshire Constabulary
- - - - OPO v MLA
        
        involve words or conduct directed at C, for which there was no justification or reasonable excuse
        
        fact that someone might be caused psychological harm did not by itself mean that there was no justification for the conduct
    - - physical harm or recognised psychiatric illness (Wong v Parkside Health)
- - - - Silent malicious phone call (R v Ireland)
      - Can be prevented by words said simultaneously (Turberville v Savage)
      - Stalker threats = criminal assault (R v Costanza)
    - - must be of kind to give reasonable expectation of violence AT THE TIME
      - No assault if no reason to be afraid (Thomas v National Union of Mineworkers)
- - - - ie holding someone, throwing a log
    - - No requirement or physical harm / violence
      - Contact with clothes already counts
    - - Doing so negligently is not trespass (Letang v Cooper)
      - Liable as long as it was intended to be applied to someone, even if that was not the claimant (Livingstone v Ministry of Defence)
- - - - Hairdresser put wrong thing (Nash v Sheen)
    - - Herd v Weardale Steel Coke and Coal Co