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Topic 2: Personality and Values - Coggle Diagram
Topic 2: Personality and Values
Definition
Personality
Attitude
Behaviour
Personality determinants
Heredity
-The heredity approach argues that the ultimate explanation of an individual's personality is the molecular structure of the genes, located in the chromosomes.
Personality traits
-early research tried to identify and label enduring personality characteristics such as shy, aggressive, submissive, lazy , ambitious, loyal, and timid.
Personality Frameworks
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
-Extroverted(sociable and assertive) or Introverted(quiet and shy)
-Sensing(practical and prefer routine) or Intuitive(unconscious process)
Thinking(use reason and logical) or Feeling(rely on personal values and emotions)
Perceiving and Judging
-INTJs are visionaries
-ESTJs are organizers
-ENTs are conceptualizers
The Big 5 model
Extraversion
-sociable, assertive
Agreeableness
-good natured, cooperative, trusting
Conscientiouness
-responsible, denpendable, organised
Emotional stability
-calm, self confident, secure nervous, depressed, insecure
Openness to experience
-imaginative, sensitive, curious
Dark Triad
Machiavellianism
-the degree to which an individual is pragmatics, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means
Narcissism
-the tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and have a sense of entitlement.
Psychopathy
-the tendency for a lack of concern for others and a lack of guilt or remoese when their actions cause harm.
Other Personality Traits
Proactive personality
-measures an individual's ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors.
Self-monitoring
-measures an individual's ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors.
Core self-evaluation
-bottom line conclusions individuals have about their capabilities, competence, and worth as a person.
Values
2 types
Terminal valuse
-desirable end-states of existence
Instrumental values
-preferred modes of behavior or means of achieving terminal values
-basic convictions about what is right, good, or desirable.
-Lay the foundation for understanding of attitudes and motivation
-Influence attitudes and behaviors
Values Systems
-ranks values in term of intensity
Cultural Values
Hofstede
-Power distance: is the degree to which people in a country accept that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally.
-Individualism versus collectivism: individualism is the degree to which people in a country prefer to act as individuals rather than as members of groups.
-Masculinity versus femininity: masculinity is the degree to which values such as the acquisition of money and material goods prevail. Femininity is the degree to which people value relationships and show sensitivity and concern for others.
-Uncertainty avoidance: is the degree to which people in a country prefer structured over unstructured situations.
-Long-term versus short-term orientation: long-term orientations look to the future and value thrift and persistence.
GLOBE
research program updated Hofstede's research
-Data from 825 organizations and 62 countries.
-Used variables similar to Hofstede's.
-Add some news ones.