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1.THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION, 1- 1517 Luther publishes 95 Theses. 2-1521…

- - - - The high clergy lived a life of luxury
      - The church possessed extensive lands and taxed the humble population
      - It also obtained income by carrying out religious sacraments and from the veneration of holy relics, saints and the Virgin Mary.
    - - Positions provided an income and economic rights
    - - The majority of those at the top of the hierarchy occupied positions for their own gain
      - They did not respect the customs or morals that they preached.
    - - When the church needed money
        
        They sold indulgences, through which it helped believers to be forgiven for their sins.
    - - The church hierarchy did not give much importance to the training of its priests
      - Many of them did not behave appropriately.
- - - - Criticising the sale of indulgences and other bad practices carried out by the ecclesiastical hierarchy
  - - - Forgiveness and salvation
        
        Do not depend on the good deeds a person does in life
        
        but on faith and God's will.
      - Rejection of the veneration of the Virgin Mary, saints and holy relics
        
        Rejection of the sacraments
        
        Except for baptism and the Eucharist
      - Free interpretation of the Bible
        
        Anyone could read and interpret the Bible in their own way
        
        Translation of the holy book into various languages
      - Opposition to the Church
        
        Owning property
        
        Support for the nobles taking over the Church's possessions
- - - - Was a French theologian
      - Spread a type of Protestantism from Geneva in Switzerland
      - His beliefs were based on
        
        Predestination
        
        People were destined for salvation or damnation from birth
      - Calvinism
        
        England (Puritans)
        
        Scotland (Presbyterians)
        
        Switzerland
        
        France (Huguenots)
        
        the north of the Low Countries.
    - - The Pope would not give his consent
        
        for King Henry VIII to divorce Catherine of Aragón (the daughter of the Catholic Monarchs)
      - Act of Supremacy
        
        in 1534 he broke with the Catholic Church
        
        he appointed himself head of the Church of England or Anglican Church
    - - Was a Swiss pasto
      - Founded the Reformed Church in the city of Zurich
      - His doctrine rejected the authority of the Pope and proposed abolishing religious imagery and celibacy among priests.