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EUROPE IN THE AGE OF CARLOS V AND FELIPE II, map, small locals, Carlos V…
EUROPE IN THE AGE OF CARLOS V AND FELIPE II
Protestant Reformation
Luther's Break From Rome
His main principles
faith and God's will
don't depend on good deeds a person does
Rejection of the veneration of
saints
holy relics
Virgin Mary
sacraments
free interpretation
translated it
anyone could interpret the Bible in their own way
Opposition to the Church
owning property
supported the nobles
Protestant Reformation
1517
German priest Martin Luther
He published 95 Theses
criticising sale of indulgences
Causes
church's wealth
life of luxury
taxed population
ecclesiastical positions
economic rights
bad example by the high clergy
didn't respect
customs
morals
sale of indulgences
helped believers to be forgiven
clergy's lack of training
didn't behave appropriately.
Religious movement of the 16th century
Spread Of Reformation
New doctrines
Calvinism
predestination
Switzerland, England, Scotland, France and the north of the Low Countries
John Calvin
a French theologian
Anglican Church
Church of England
1534
Act of Supremacy
broke with the Catholic Church
King Henry VIII
Reformed Church
rejected the authority of the Pope
Ultricht Zwingli
pastor
abolishing celibacy among priests
Lutheranism
northern Europe
THE SPANISH HABSBURG DYNASTY
Religious Wars
political objectives
defend Catholicism
limpieza de sangre
prevent conversos
preserve religious unity
retain territorial patrimony
numerous wars
indebted to Italian and German bankers
Habsburg dynasty
1556-1598: Felipe II
1516-1556: Carlos V
Economy And Society In The 16th Century
Arrival of precious metals
craft industry
rise of prices
abroad cheaper
more resources
taxes
more expensive projects
enriched the nobility
population poorer
economy
based on agriculture
numerous wars
wealth outside Iberian Peninsula
Economy declined
small locals survived
16th century
fall in production
trade
affected society
beg to survive
joined clergy to escape poverty
Economy prospered
fleet system
protect from pirate attack
groups
Sevilla
monopolised trade
Casa de Contratación
SPANISH CULTURE IN THE 16TH CENTURY
Art
Classicist
harmony and serenity
Mannerist
expressive
ideas of church (and monarchy)
Architecture
Plateresque
Herrarian style
Classicist
The Palace of Carlos V
Granada Cathedral
pediments
Literature
novels
Lazarillo de tormes
Calisto and Melibea
important poet
Garcilaso de la Vega
authors
Saint Teresa of Jesus
Saint John of the Cross
spiritual experiences
Sculpture
artists
Alonso Berruguete
Juan de Juni
religious imagery
Painting
Middle of the century
dramatic expressions
elongated figures
El Greco
worked in Toledo
The Burial of the Count of Orgaz
Greek
important paintings
The last Supper
Ecce Homo
Felipe II impeded access
Books printed outside not allowed
Science in Spain progressed slowly
weren't allowed to study abroad
RELIGIOUS WARS AND THE COUNTER-REFORMATION
The Counter-Reformation
1545-1563: Council of Trent
internal reform
1534: Society of Jesus, Ignatius of Loyola
resolve internal corruption
repression of Protestantism
reinforced Inquisition
followers were considered heretics
clarification of their teachings
maintained dogmas and principles
A religious, intellectual and political movement
led by the Catholic Church against the Protestant Reformation
Religious Wars
1519: Carlos I was appointed Emperor
religious wars
Low Countries
1568-1648
Eighty Years' War
Calvinists and Catholics
Calvinists won
British Isles
1639-1651
Catholics, Anglicans and Puritans
Anglicans won
Wars of the Three Kingdoms
France
1572: St. Bartholomew's Day
end: King Henry IV,1598
Catholics and Protestants
1521: Luther was excommunicated
Consequences of religious division
The Pope and the Emperor became less influential
Protestants and Catholics persecuted each other
Diet of Worms meeting
but no agreement
Civil war
1555: Peace of Augsburg
Battle of Mühlberg in 1547
Catholic Germans won
Schmalkaldic League
Alliance of Protestant German and Luther
FELIPE II
Domestic Problems
Crown bankrupt
economic insolvency
mines increase taxes
Carlos V
War of the Alpujarras
Moriscos
discrimination
1568-1570
Antonio Pérez
Inquisition
flee to France
accused of an assassination
Important
backwardness of Spain
political oppression
achievements of tercios
Catholic Church
Spanish Monarchy
powerful enemies
Wars
1568-1648: Protestants
1581: Independence from Spanish Crown
1571: Ottoman Empire
Naval battle of Lepanto
1559: France
Peace of Cateau-Cambreis
England
Great armada
Global Empire
1580
defeat Portuguese
dominions stretched
king of Portugal died
govern his empire
1561: Madrid the capital
increased bureaucracy
Council of Portugal
Division of territories
Ferdinand (brother)
Austria
Imperial Crown
Felipe II (son)
Castilla and his territories in the Americas
Crown of Aragón and his Italian territories
Low Countries and Franche-Comté
