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THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION, image, image, image, image, image, image,…
THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION
The reformation was a religious movement which began in the first half of the 16th century.
Causes
The low clergy's lack of training
Church hierarchy didn't give much importance to the training of its priests and therefore
Bad example set by the high clergy
Majority of the hierarchy occupied positions for their own gain. They didn't respect the customs or morals that they preached.
Church's wealth
High cleargy lived a life of luxury. Church possessed extensive lands and taxed the humble population.
Buying and selling of ecclesiastical positions
These positions provided an income and economic rigths, and were therefore a way of getting rich
The sale of indulgences
When the church needed money, it sold indulgences, through which it helped believers to be forgiven for their sins.
Luther's break from rome
The german priest Martin Luther was scandalised by the amount of corruption in the Church
These marked the beginning of the protestant reformation
Main principles
Free interpretationof the Bible
He initiated the translation of the holy book into various languages
Salvation do not depend on the good deeds a person does in life, but on faith and God's will.
Rejection of the veneration of the Virgin Mary, saints and holy relics
Rejection of the sacraments
Opposition to the Church owning property and support for the nobles taking over the Church possessions.
The spread of the reformation
New doctrines
Ultricht Zwingli was a Swiss pastor who founded the Reformed Church in the city of Zurich.
John Calvin was a French theologian who spread a type of Protestantism from Geneva in Switzerland
Calvinism spread across Switzerland and to England, Scotland, France and the north of the Low Countries
The Pope would not give his consent for King Henry VIII to divorce catherine of Aragón
The act of Supremacy was passed, under which he appointed himself head of the Church of England or Anglican Church.
